圣灵抵抗军叛乱

圣灵抵抗军叛乱
日期	1987年至今
地点	乌干达北部; 中非; 刚果民主共和国東北部; 南蘇丹南部
状态	進行中圣灵抵抗军創始人兼領導人约瑟夫·科尼潛逃至今; 圣灵抵抗军指揮官多米尼克·翁格文（英语：Dominic Ongwen）在中非共和國向美軍投降並在海牙受審; 位於南蘇丹和烏干達大部分的圣灵抵抗军設施和營地被拆除; 剛果民主共和國東部和中非共和國持續進行小規模的叛乱;
参战方
乌干达人民國防軍（英语：Uganda People's Defence Force）; 中非政府軍; 刚果民主共和国政府軍; 南蘇丹政府軍; 美國非洲司令部; 聯合國	圣灵抵抗军; 支持:; 苏丹 (1994–2002)
指挥官与领导者
约韦里·穆塞韦尼; 約瑟夫·卡比拉; 薩爾瓦·基爾·馬亞爾迪特; Alan Doss（英语：Alan Doss）	约瑟夫·科尼; 文森特·奥蒂（英语：Vincent Otti） ; 拉斯卡·卢克维亚 †; 奥科特·奥德希亚姆博（英语：Okot Odhiambo） †; 多米尼克·翁格文（英语：Dominic Ongwen） ; 阿尔方斯·拉莫拉（英语：Alphonse Lamola） †
兵力
2002:; 65,000–75,000; 2010:; 46,800; 2014:; 1,500 300名顧問	1990:; 200–800; 1998:; 6,000; 2007:; 840–3,000; 2014:; 240
伤亡与损失
未知	約600人被殺 (2009–2010)
	100,000+ 死亡; 400,000–430,000+ 流離失所

圣灵抵抗军叛乱是圣灵抵抗军叛亂組織自1987年以來持續進行的游擊戰。^[17]

上帝抵抗軍的叛乱處於低強度戰爭。該運動由約瑟夫·科尼領導，他宣稱自己是上帝的“代言人”和精神媒介。它旨在推翻约韦里·穆塞韦尼的烏干達政府並建立一個基於十誡和阿乔利人傳統的政教合一政府。^[18]^[19]

這場衝突是非洲持續時間最長的衝突之一，已導致人道主義危機。國際刑事法院指控圣灵抵抗军普遍侵犯人權，包括肢解、酷刑、奴役、強姦、綁架平民、使用童兵和大量屠殺。^[20] 到2004年，圣灵抵抗军綁架了20,000多名兒童150萬平民流離失所，估計有100,000平民喪生。^[21]

參考文獻

^ Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate – Democratic Republic of the Congo. [16 June 2008]. （原始内容存档于16 June 2008）.
^ People & Power. The LRA and Sudan. Al Jazeera English. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于18 March 2015）.
^ US forces hold LRA commander. 7 January 2015 [15 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于3 February 2019） –通过www.bbc.com.
^ Lord's Resistance Army commanded tried at the Hague. The Guardian (TheGuardian.com). 2015-01-26 [27 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于26 January 2015）.
^ New Vision Online : LRA rebels clashes with CAR forces. Newvision.co.ug. 8 October 2010 [23 April 2011]. （原始内容存档于10 October 2010）.
^ Armed forces – Uganda. www.nationsencyclopedia.com. [15 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于15 January 2019）.
^ International Institute for Strategic Studies; Hackett, James (ed.) (2010-02-03). The Military Balance 2010. London: Routledge.
^ Hunting the LRA in Central Africa. VOA. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 October 2014）.
^ On the Hunt for Joseph Kony. Washington Post. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于20 January 2017）.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 Uppsala conflict data expansion. Non-state actor information. Codebook 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期21 January 2012. pp. 206–209
^ IRIN • humanitarian news and analysis from Africa, Asia and the Middle East – updated daily 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期22 December 2015. 30 May 2007. Accessed 3 September 2011.
^ Joseph Kony's LRA rebels on the run, focusing on survival. Cbc.ca. 19 July 2014 [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-21）.
^ CONFLICT BAROMETER 2010 (PDF). Hiik.de. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于24 September 2015）.
^ Uganda (1987– 2010). [26 February 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-21）.
^ Uganda Civil War. www.globalsecurity.org. [15 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于15 January 2019）.
^ January 25, 2012, OCHA, "LRA Regional Update: Central African Republic, DR Dongo and South Sudan: January–December 2011."
^ JAMES C. MCKINLEY JR. Uganda's Christian Rebels Revive War in North. New York Times. 1 April 1996.
^ Ruddy Doom and Koen Vlassenroot. Kony's message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda. African Affairs. 1999, 98 (390): 5–36. S2CID 111914560. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002.
^ "Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 September 2007. and " A leadership based on claims of divine revelations" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 September 2007. in IRIN In Depth, June 2007.
^ International Criminal Court (14 October 2005). Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期18 October 2015.. Retrieved 10 June 2008.
^ Forgiveness for Uganda's former rebels. News.bbc.co.uk. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于24 October 2014）.

[1] Guatemalan blue helmet deaths stir Congo debate – Democratic Republic of the Congo. [16 June 2008]. （原始内容存档于16 June 2008）.

[2] People & Power. The LRA and Sudan. Al Jazeera English. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于18 March 2015）.

[3] US forces hold LRA commander. 7 January 2015 [15 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于3 February 2019） –通过www.bbc.com.

[4] Lord's Resistance Army commanded tried at the Hague. The Guardian (TheGuardian.com). 2015-01-26 [27 January 2015]. （原始内容存档于26 January 2015）.

[newvision.co.ug-5] New Vision Online : LRA rebels clashes with CAR forces. Newvision.co.ug. 8 October 2010 [23 April 2011]. （原始内容存档于10 October 2010）.

[6] Armed forces – Uganda. www.nationsencyclopedia.com. [15 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于15 January 2019）.

[7] International Institute for Strategic Studies; Hackett, James (ed.) (2010-02-03). The Military Balance 2010. London: Routledge.

[voanews.com-8] Hunting the LRA in Central Africa. VOA. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于26 October 2014）.

[The_Washington_Post-9] On the Hunt for Joseph Kony. Washington Post. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于20 January 2017）.

[Code-10] 10.0 ^10.1 Uppsala conflict data expansion. Non-state actor information. Codebook 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期21 January 2012. pp. 206–209

[11] IRIN • humanitarian news and analysis from Africa, Asia and the Middle East – updated daily 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期22 December 2015. 30 May 2007. Accessed 3 September 2011.

[CBCNews-12] Joseph Kony's LRA rebels on the run, focusing on survival. Cbc.ca. 19 July 2014 [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于2022-04-21）.

[hiik.de-13] CONFLICT BAROMETER 2010 (PDF). Hiik.de. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于24 September 2015）.

[14] Uganda (1987– 2010). [26 February 2015]. （原始内容存档于2019-05-21）.

[15] Uganda Civil War. www.globalsecurity.org. [15 January 2019]. （原始内容存档于15 January 2019）.

[16] January 25, 2012, OCHA, "LRA Regional Update: Central African Republic, DR Dongo and South Sudan: January–December 2011."

[17] JAMES C. MCKINLEY JR. Uganda's Christian Rebels Revive War in North. New York Times. 1 April 1996.

[aa-18] Ruddy Doom and Koen Vlassenroot. Kony's message: A new Koine? The Lord's Resistance Army in northern Uganda. African Affairs. 1999, 98 (390): 5–36. S2CID 111914560. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.afraf.a008002.

[19] "Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 September 2007. and " A leadership based on claims of divine revelations" 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期29 September 2007. in IRIN In Depth, June 2007.

[warrants-20] International Criminal Court (14 October 2005). Warrant of Arrest unsealed against five LRA Commanders 互联网档案馆的存檔，存档日期18 October 2015.. Retrieved 10 June 2008.

[21] Forgiveness for Uganda's former rebels. News.bbc.co.uk. [18 October 2014]. （原始内容存档于24 October 2014）.

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