激浪派

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《激浪派宣言》,1963,喬治·麥素納斯

激浪派(Fluxus)是1960年代至1970年代間活躍的一個激進的國際文藝流派[1][2][3][4][5]。他們提出了一些新的藝術主張,如迪克·希金斯的“中介藝術”[6][7][8][9]亨利·弗林特的“觀念藝術[10][11]白南准沃尔夫·福斯特尔的“錄像藝術”[12][13][14]。受到杜尚的影響,大多數激浪派藝術家以反商業和反藝術為己任,強調概念而非成品的重要性[15]。而Fluxus一詞則由喬治·麥素納斯創造于1961年[16]

1960年代的許多實驗藝術家都屬於這一流派,威斯巴登、哥本哈根、斯德哥爾摩、阿姆斯特丹、倫敦和紐約都有大量激浪派藝術家存在。他們的興趣極為廣泛,而互相之間亦有衝突[17][18]。比如儘管激浪派創始人之一的喬治·麥素納斯發表過所謂的《激浪派宣言》,但很少有其他激浪派藝術家對他的說法表示讚同,甚至很多藝術家都不認為他屬於激浪派[19][20]。雖然如此,激浪派也在一定程度上對開放“藝術”之定義做出了貢獻[21]

参考文献

  1. ^ Friedman, Ken. 2011. "Fluxus: A Laboratory of Ideas." Fluxus and the Essential Qualities of Life. Jacquelynne Baas, editor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p.35.
  2. ^ Nationalencyclopedin (Swedish National Encyclopedia). 2016. "Fluxus." Accessible at: http://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyclopedi/lång/fluxus页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Accessed September 11, 2016.
  3. ^ Wainwright, Lisa S. 2016. "Fluxus." Britannica Academic (Encyclopedia Britannica Online).
  4. ^ Ruhé, Harry. 1979. Fluxus, the Most Radical and Experimental Art Movement of the Sixties Amsterdam: Editions Galerie A.
  5. ^ Ruhé, Harry. 1999. "Introduction." 25 Fluxus Stories Amsterdam: Tuja Books, p. 4.
  6. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1966. "Intermedia." Something Else Newsletter. Vol. 1, No. 1, February, pp. 1-3.
  7. ^ Higgins, Dick. 2001. "Intermedia" Multimedia: From Wagner to Virtual Reality. Randall Packer and Ken Jordan, eds. New York: W.W. Norton and Co., pp. 27–32.
  8. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1984. Horizons: The Poetics and Theory of the Intermedia. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois University Press
  9. ^ Hannah B Higgins,"The Computational Word Works of Eric Andersen and Dick Higgins", Mainframe Experimentalism: Early Digital Computing in the Experimental Arts, Hannah Higgins, & Douglas Kahn, eds., pp. 271-281
  10. ^ Flynt, Henry. 1961. "Concept Art: Innperseqs." Reprinted in 1963: An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
  11. ^ Flynt, Henry. 1963. "Essay: Concept Art: Provisional Version." An Anthology. La Monte Young, ed. New York: Jackson Mac Low and La Monte Young, np.
  12. ^ Paik, Nam June. 1993. Nam June Paik: eine Data Base. La Biennale di Venezia. XLV Esposizione lnternazionale D’Arte, June 13 – October 10, 1993. Klaus Bussmann and Florian Matzner, eds. Venice and Berlin: Biennale di Venezia and Edition Cantz.
  13. ^ Hanhardt, John and Ken Hakuta. 2012. Nam June Paik: Global Visionary. London and Washington, D.C.: D. Giles, Ltd., in association with the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
  14. ^ Fundacio Joan Miro. 1979. Vostell. Environments Pintura Happenings Dibuixos Video de 1958 a 1978. Barcelona: Fundacio Joan Miro.
  15. ^ Fluxus Movement, Artists and Major Works. [2015-10-06]. (原始内容存档于2015-10-19). 
  16. ^ Armstrong, Elizabeth. In the Spirit of Fluxus. Minneapolis: The Occasion of the Exhibition. 1993: 24. ISBN 9780935640403. 
  17. ^ Zurbrugg, Nicholas. 1990. “A Spirit of Large Goals.” – Dada and Fluxus at Two Speeds. Fluxus! Nicholas Zurbrugg, Francesco Conz, and Nicholas Tsoutas, eds. Brisbane, Australia: Institute of Modern Art, p. 29.
  18. ^ Smith, Owen F. 1998. Fluxus: The History of an Attitude. San Diego: San Diego State University Press.
  19. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1992. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." Lund Art Press, Vol II, No 2, pp. 25-46.
  20. ^ Higgins, Dick. 1998. "Fluxus: Theory and Reception." The Fluxus Reader, Ken Friedman, ed. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Academy Editions, pp. 218-236.
  21. ^ Tate Gallery. "Nam June Paik. Fluxus, Performance, Participation." Tate Online. Accessible at: http://www.tate.org.uk/whats-on/exhibition/nam-june-paik/nam-june-paik-room-guide/nam-june-paik-section-2页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Accessed September 15, 2016.

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