摘要

约瑟夫·马洛德·威廉·透纳：​Rain, Steam and Speed – The Great Western Railway
艺术家	约瑟夫·马洛德·威廉·透纳  (1775–1851)      其他姓名 J. M. W. Turner 描述 英国畫家和版畫家 出生/逝世日期 约1775年4月23日  1851年12月19日  出生/逝世地点 倫敦 Chelsea 工作地点 倫敦, Britain, 意大利, 德國, 瑞士 權威控制 : Q159758 VIAF: 100900492 ISNI: 0000000121454990 ULAN: 500026846 Open Library: OL5252296A DBNL: turn007 WorldCat artist QS:P170,Q159758
标题	Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway; the painting depicts an early locomotive of the Great Western Railway crossing the River Thames on Brunel's recently completed Maidenhead Railway Bridge.The painting is also credited for allowing a glimpse of the Romantic strife within Turner and his contemporaries over the issue of the technological advancement during the Industrial Revolution (see below).
物体类型	畫作
日期	1844年 date QS:P571,+1844-00-00T00:00:00Z/9
表现形式	布面油画 medium QS:P186,Q296955;P186,Q12321255,P518,Q861259
尺寸	高度：​91厘米；寬度：​121.8厘米 dimensions QS:P2048,91U174728 dimensions QS:P2049,121.8U174728
館藏	国家美术馆    原名 National Gallery 父机构 Board of Trustees of the National Gallery  地址 倫敦 坐标 51° 30′ 32″ 北, 0° 07′ 42″ 西   成立 1824年  網站 nationalgallery.org.uk 權威控制 : Q180788 VIAF: 144868906 ISNI: 0000000123422001 ULAN: 500125190 Open Library: OL121572A LCCN: n80081622 WorldCat institution QS:P195,Q180788
现存地点	room 34
登录号	NG538
荣誉行	Turner Bequest, 1856
参考	http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/joseph-mallord-william-turner-rain-steam-and-speed-the-great-western-railway  https://www.wga.hu/html/t/turner/2/205turne.html Art UK artwork ID：​rain-steam-and-speed-the-great-western-railway-115073
来源/摄影师	http://www.artrenewal.org/pages/artwork.php?artworkid=14508&size=huge
其他版本	图像  帶相框圖像

Social Commentary

Turner was a well traveled man, frequently trekking to natural wonders of mainland Europe and the British Isles to sketch them in one of his dozens of notepads. He knew of the pains one must take to travel off the beaten path and wrote of one such occasion, traveling from Rome to Paris, to a friend in 1829:

“…we never could keep warm or make our day’s distance good, the places we put up at proved all bad till Firenzola being even the worst for the down diligence people had devoured everything eatable (Beds none)…crossed Mont Cenis on a sledge – bivouaced in the snow with fire lighted for 3 Hours on Mont Tarate while the diligence was righted and dug out, for a Bank of Snow saved it from upsetting – and in the walk up to our knees in new fallen drift to get assistance to dig a channel thro’ it for the coach, so that from Foligno to within 20 miles of Paris I never saw the road but snow!”1

Fifteen years later, Turner’s 1844 masterpiece, Rain, Steam and Speed: The Great Western Railway, in a way recognizes his thrill in the speed of the new coal train and his appreciation for such technology when traveling. Yet, he subtly recognizes the progressive threat that humans pose towards the cradle of the earth.

The title follows the Turner pattern of 'nature first' in his titles, but at once you see what looks like a monstrous kiln underneath the rail bridge, and flames engulfing the ecstatic figures on the far side of the river. On top of the bridge you see the face of a demon with the body of a coal burning centipede, which itself looks like a line of glowing embers. Ahead of the train it is hard to spot the tiny hare at full sprint, trying to stay ahead of the state-of-the-art technology of the mid-1800’s. What is so interesting about this piece, Olivier Meslay points out in his book JMW Turner: The Man Who Set Painting on Fire, is that “the notion of the sublime was no longer confined to natural phenomena, but incarnated in machines created by humanity with god-like aspirations, whose new power it served to magnify” and begs to question; what should we fear more, the awe of the wild, or the annihilation of it?2

1. Meslay, Olivier. JMW Turner: The Man Who Set Painting On Fire. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd, 2005. Pg 133

2. Ibid. Pg 107

许可协议

这是一个平面公有领域艺术品的忠实摄影副本。原艺术品本身因为下列原因属于公有领域： Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse 本作品在其来源国以及其他著作权期限是作者逝世后100年或以下的国家和地区属于公有领域。 你必须增加美国公有领域标签显示为何这个作品在美国属于公有领域。 本文件已被确认为免除已知的著作权法限制（包括所有相关权利）。 https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/PDMCreative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0falsefalse 维基媒体基金会的官方立场认为：“对平面公有领域艺术品的忠实再制作品也属于公有领域。” 因此，可以认为此摄影副本在美国也属于公有领域。在其他司法管辖区，再利用此内容可能存在限制；参见再利用PD-Art照片了解详细信息。

这是一个平面公有领域艺术品的忠实摄影副本。原艺术品本身因为下列原因属于公有领域： Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse 这个作品在美利坚合众国属于公有领域，因为它首次发布早于1929年1月1日，或于该日期之前在美国著作权局登记。 公有领域作品必须在美国以及来源国没有版权问题，才能上传至维基共享资源。如果此作品不是美国作品，这个文件必须要有一个额外的版权标记显示此文件在来源国的版权状态。 注意：此标签不应用于录音作品。PD-1923美国公有领域//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rain_Steam_and_Speed_the_Great_Western_Railway.jpg 维基媒体基金会的官方立场认为：“对平面公有领域艺术品的忠实再制作品也属于公有领域。” 因此，可以认为此摄影副本在美国也属于公有领域。在其他司法管辖区，再利用此内容可能存在限制；参见再利用PD-Art照片了解详细信息。