盐冰川
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盐冰川(英语:salt glacier)是当上升的底辟突破地球表面时产生的构造 [1] [2]。由于与冰川相比有相似的移动,故被命名为“盐冰川”
盐冰川通常主要由岩盐、硬石膏、石膏和粘土矿物组成。在伊朗扎格罗斯山脉的盐冰川是岩盐组成,而德国Lüneburg Kalkberg的盐冰川由石膏和碳酸盐矿物组成。古代盐冰川在德国的晚三叠世和墨西哥湾中新世被发现[3][4]。由于晶体结构,盐再压力下能保持相同的密度,而上面的沉积物开始压缩并变得更密。密度的相差对底层的岩盐造成浮力。给与岩盐上升的机制。当底辟上升并刺穿到表面时,岩盐因重力而在地表流动。[5][6]。
参考文献
- ^ Fossen, Haakon (2011). Structural Geology. New York: Cambridge University Press.
- ^ Bierman, Montgomery, Paul, David. Key Concepts in Geomorphology. New York.
- ^ Iran's Salt Glaciers". NASA Earth Observatory. Archived from the original on 2004-02-16. Retrieved 2006-04-27.
- ^ Talbot, C.J.; Rogers, E.A. (1980). "Seasonal movements in a salt glacier in Iran". Science. 208: 395–397. Bibcode:1980Sci...208..395T. doi:10.1126/science.208.4442.395. PMID 17843617.
- ^ Vendeville, B.C. and, Jackson, M.P.A. (1992). "The rise of diapirs during thin-skinned extension". Marine and Petroleum Geology. 9: 331–354. doi:10.1016/0264-8172(92)90047-i.
- ^ Davison, I. (2009). "Faulting and fluid flow through Salt". Journal of the Geological Society, London. 166: 205–216. doi:10.1144/0016-76492008-064.