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淡紫擬青黴菌

维基百科,自由的百科全书
(重定向自淡紫紫孢菌
淡紫擬青黴菌
淡紫擬青黴菌的分生孢子
科学分类 编辑
界: 真菌界 Fungi
门: 子囊菌门 Ascomycota
纲: 糞殼菌綱 Sordariomycetes
目: 肉座菌目 Hypocreales
科: 线虫草科 Ophiocordycipitaceae
属: 紫孢霉属 Purpureocillium
种:
淡紫擬青黴菌 P. lilacinum
二名法
Purpureocillium lilacinum
(Thom) Luangsa-ard, Hou- braken, Hywel-Jones & Samson (2011)
異名[2]

Paecillium Luangsa-ard, Hywel-Jones & Samson nom. prov. (2007)[1]
Penicillium lilacinum Thom (1910)
Penicillium amethystinum Wehmer (1923)
Spicaria rubidopurpurea Aoki (1941) Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom英语Charles Thom) Samson (1974)

淡紫擬青黴菌學名Purpureocillium lilacinum)又稱淡紫紫孢菌[3],是線蟲草科紫孢霉屬的一種真菌[4],已自土壤、沈積物、污泥、昆蟲與線蟲樣本中採得,在攝氏8-38度的溫度下皆可生長,其中以26-30度較佳,且對pH值與生長基質的耐受範圍也相當廣[5][6]。本種因可感染線蟲而被用於對抗線蟲蟲害的生物防治劑

分類

淡紫擬青黴菌於1910年由美國真菌學家查爾斯·索姆英语Charles Thom發表描述,當時被歸入青黴屬中,學名為Penicillium lilacinum[7]。1974年Robert A. Samson將其改歸入擬青黴屬Paecilomyces[5]。2000年代的研究發現擬青黴屬非單系群[8][9],後有學者發表新屬紫孢霉屬Purpureocillium)並將本種分入其中,屬名意指「紫色的孢子」,得名自該屬真菌紫色的分生孢子[10],本種的分生孢子呈橢圓形至梭形,由菌絲末端的特化結構瓶梗產生,分散排列成鏈狀結構,表面光滑至稍微粗糙,尚未觀察到厚垣孢子;菌絲為透明,寬2.5-4微米[5]

感染線蟲

淡紫擬青黴菌可感染多種線蟲,圖為根結線蟲

1966年即有研究發現淡紫擬青黴菌可感染線蟲的卵[11],其菌絲在線蟲卵的表面上生長後可形成附著器(菌絲尖端的膨大特化結構),進而穿透卵殼、殺死線蟲、並產生更多的分生孢子以繼續感染周圍的卵。目前淡紫擬青黴菌已自多種線蟲與多個地區的土壤樣本中被發現[12][13]。本種可用於生物防治以對抗線蟲的蟲害,祕魯已有數個野外試驗成功使用本種抑制線蟲蟲害[14],當地的品系進而被送至世界各地不同氣候、作物的環境下進行測試[15],各品系感染線蟲的毒力不同,有些品系在雖實驗室測試中取得成功,但實際應用上效果不彰[16]

致病

淡紫擬青黴菌在少數情況下可感染人類致病[17][18],大多數患者為免疫缺乏者或體內留置醫療器具(如人工晶狀體)者[19][20],有研究顯示本種可能為感染免疫缺乏與免疫正常者的新興病原[21][22]

參考文獻

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  3. ^ 王毅、王娟、王四海、李云琴、原晓龙、陈中华. 蒜头果的内生真菌多样性分析. 基因组学与应用生物学. 2018, 9 [2022-07-17]. (原始内容存档于2022-07-17). 
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  7. ^ Thom C. Cultural studies of species of penicillium. Bulletin of the Bureau of Animal Industry US Department of Agriculture. 1910, 118: 73. 
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  13. ^ Stirling GR, West LM. Fungal parasites of root-knot nematode eggs from tropical and sub-tropical regions of Australia. Australasian Plant Pathology. 1991, 20 (4): 149–54. S2CID 34778287. doi:10.1071/APP9910149. 
  14. ^ Jatala P, Kaltenbach R, Bocangel M. Biological control of Meloidogyne incognita acrita and Globodera pallida on potatoes. Journal of Nematology. 1979, 11: 303. 
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