File:Claudette Colbert 1931.jpg

页面内容不支持其他语言。
這個文件來自維基共享資源
维基百科,自由的百科全书

原始文件(1,157 × 1,502像素,文件大小:687 KB,MIME类型:image/jpeg


摘要

描述
English: Claudette Colbert publicity photo,1931
日期
来源 [1]
作者 未知Unknown author
授权
(二次使用本文件)

This is a publicity photo taken to promote an actress. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in The Complete Film Production Handbook, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):

"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."

Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:

"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)

Film industry author Gerald Mast, in Film Study and the Copyright Law (1989) p. 87, writes:

"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."

Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the Society for Cinema and Media Studies writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements ... [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs." ("Fair Usage Publication of Film Stills" by Kristin Thompson, Society for Cinema and Media Studies)

Note on non-renewalː The back of the photo indicates that the Minneapolis Journal received the photo in November 1936, but did not use it for publication until February 17, 1937. A check of publications renewals for the Minneapolis Journal for the years 1964 and 1965 showed that the paper did not renew any issues during those two years.

许可协议

本作品在美国属于公有领域,因为其于1929至1977年(包括)间在美国出版,且没有版权通告。更多详情,请参见共享资源:赫特图表以及公共艺术品“出版”的详细说明。请注意此作品在对美国作品不适用较短期限法则的管辖区可能仍然受版权保护(基于作者的逝世日期),例如加拿大(作者逝世后50年)、中国大陆(作者逝世后50年,不包括香港和澳门)、德国(作者逝世后70年)、墨西哥(作者逝世后100年)、瑞士(作者逝世后70年)及其他有本地条约的国家。

العربية  беларуская (тарашкевіца)  čeština  Deutsch  Ελληνικά  English  español  français  Bahasa Indonesia  italiano  日本語  한국어  македонски  Nederlands  português  русский  sicilianu  slovenščina  ไทย  Tiếng Việt  中文(简体)  中文(繁體)  +/−

Flag of the United States
Flag of the United States

说明

添加一行文字以描述该文件所表现的内容

此文件中描述的项目

描繪內容

image/jpeg

e3414bfd57d5564df85c20d813ccbeef4cd9a228

703,329 字节

1,502 像素

1,157 像素

文件历史

点击某个日期/时间查看对应时刻的文件。

日期/时间缩⁠略⁠图大小用户备注
当前2019年3月1日 (五) 12:032019年3月1日 (五) 12:03版本的缩略图1,157 × 1,502(687 KB)LemonreaderReverted to version as of 14:43, 20 April 2016 (UTC) The recent content should be put into a new file
2016年10月30日 (日) 05:542016年10月30日 (日) 05:54版本的缩略图500 × 660(43 KB)Mutio842better version, same year
2016年4月20日 (三) 14:432016年4月20日 (三) 14:43版本的缩略图1,157 × 1,502(687 KB)Bede735Adjusted to b&w
2016年4月20日 (三) 09:422016年4月20日 (三) 09:42版本的缩略图1,157 × 1,502(813 KB)Bede735Adjusted brightness, contrast, and tone, cropped, minor touchups
2016年4月20日 (三) 01:512016年4月20日 (三) 01:51版本的缩略图2,528 × 1,600(730 KB)Bede735User created page with UploadWizard

以下页面使用本文件:

全域文件用途

以下其他wiki使用此文件:

元数据