Identifier: irelandyesterday00suth_0 (find matches)
Title: Ireland yesterday and today
Year: 1909 (1900s)
Authors: Sutherland, Hugh
Subjects: Land tenure Home rule
Publisher: Philadelphia, The North American
Contributing Library: Boston College Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries

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1641. The Protestant settlers of Ulster suffered first, somethousands of them being slain. Soon the insurgents weresupreme throughout Catholic Ireland, established their ownParliament and entered into a compact with the doomedKing, Charles I. This was fatal, though doubtless theywould have felt the iron hand of Cromwell in any event.When he had crushed the royalists in England the Protectorturned deliberately upon Ireland. There is no redder pagein history than that which records this invasion of Ireland.Cromwell landed in the country in 1649 and marched uponthe rebels, and at every stamp of his foot the land gushedblood. The garrison of Drogheda was massacred, 30,000men. Wexford was taken and the defenders put to thesword. Wherever a rebel was captured he was shot orhanged. Merciless measures followed the pacificationof the country. Shiploads of Irish, including women andchildren, were sent as slaves to the West Indies. Thousandsof men were driven as exiles to France and Spain. Crom-
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THE CONQUESTS 195 wells policy of exterminating the Irish and substituting anEnglish population was as nearly successful as such an enter-prise could be. The provinces of Ulster, Munster andLeinster were confiscated and the land divided among theRoundhead soldiers and the speculators who had advancedto Parliament the funds for the conquest. Connaughtalone, as the least fertile of the provinces, was reserved forthe Irish owners of the country. There they might settle,and nowhere else. Death was decreed against any Irishmanfound east of the Shannon river. The Irish shall go to hell or Connaught lM was Crom-wells phrase. It was Cromwell, then, who made modern Ireland,with all its afflicting evils. Yet he did not quite carry outhis pitiless program. The Irish continued to exist in Con-naught, and also in the other provinces, because the Englishcolonists wanted to use them as laborers. The extermina-tion was so incomplete, to use a contradictory phrase, thatin less than fifty years the Iri

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