File:Mammut americanum humerus with tooth marks.jpg
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摘要
描述Mammut americanum humerus with tooth marks.jpg |
English: Mammut americanum (Kerr, 1792) - American mastodon partial humerus from the Pleistocene of Colorado, USA. (DMNH specimen, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, Colorado, USA)
Colorado's Snowmass fossil site was discovered in 2010 and has become one of the most significant and richly fossiliferous Pleistocene locality in the world. The first fossil was noticed during bulldozer excavation at Ziegler Reservoir in the town of Snowmass Village. Tens of thousands of individual fossils have been recovered. The most common species of vertebrate is the tiger salamander, Amystoma tigrinum. The most common species of mammal is the American mastodon, Mammut americanum. The bone shown above is an example. The Snowmass fossil site occurs in a long-lived Pleistocene-aged, high-altitude glacial lake deposit in Colorado's Elk Mountains. It is located near the intersection of Snowmass Creek Valley and Brush Creek Valley (= tributary). During the Pleistocene Ice Age, the Snowmass Creek Valley was filled with an alpine glacier. After the Bull Lake glaciation receded from the Elk Mountains about 155,000 to 130,000 years ago, a then-new moraine deposit blocked drainage from Brush Creek and formed a ~10 meter-deep glacial lake. The lake eventually filled up with fine-grained siliciclastic sediments, interbedded with some coarse-grained, poorly-sorted intervals near the lake margin. The latter units likely represent landslide deposits and subaqueous mass wasting events. Fossil-hosting lacustrine sediments have been dated by various methods to between ~140,000 years ago and over 45,000 years ago. The partial mastodon humerus bone shown above is remarkable for having tooth marks made by a short-faced bear (Arctodus simus) and teeth scrape marks made by rodents. Classification: Animalia, Chordata, Vertebrata, Mammalia, Proboscidea, Mammutidae Locality: Snowmastodon site, Ziegler Reservoir, Snowmass Village, central Pitkin County, western Colorado, USA Site-specific info. mostly synthesized from: Pigati et al. (2014) - Geologic setting and stratigraphy of the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado. Quaternary Research 82: 477-489. Mahan et al. (2014) - A geochronologic framework for the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado. Quaternary Research 82: 490-503. Sertich et al. (2014) - High-elevation Late Pleistocene (MIS 6-5) vertebrate faunas from the Ziegler Reservoir fossil site, Snowmass Village, Colorado. Quaternary Research 82: 504-517. Fisher et al. (2014) - Taxonomic overview and tusk growth analyses of Ziegler Reservroi proboscideans. Quaternary Research 82: 518-532. See info. at: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastodon and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowmastodon_site |
日期 | |
来源 | https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/32479693241/ |
作者 | James St. John |
许可协议
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说明
此文件中描述的项目
描绘内容
知识共享署名2.0通用 简体中文(已转写)
25 10 2012
摄影器材 简体中文(已转写)
曝光时间 简体中文(已转写)
0.01666666666666666666 秒
焦距比数 简体中文(已转写)
3.2
焦距 简体中文(已转写)
7.23 毫米
ISO速度 简体中文(已转写)
250
媒体类型 简体中文(已转写)
image/jpeg
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当前 | 2017年1月30日 (一) 18:55 | ![]() | 2,721 × 2,145(5.49 MB) | FunkMonk | User created page with UploadWizard |
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元数据
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相机制造商 | Canon |
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相机型号 | Canon PowerShot D10 |
曝光时间 | 1/60秒(0.016666666666667) |
光圈值 | f/3.2 |
感光度(ISO) | 250 |
数据生成日期时间 | 2012年10月25日 (四) 08:46 |
镜头焦距 | 7.23毫米 |
图像标题 | |
宽度 | 4,000 px |
高度 | 3,000 px |
每色彩组分位数 |
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像素构成 | RGB |
方向 | 正常 |
色彩组分数 | 3 |
水平分辨率 | 180 dpi |
垂直分辨率 | 180 dpi |
使用软件 | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
文件修改日期时间 | 2017年1月29日 (日) 22:40 |
亮度(Y)和色度(C)位置 | 重叠 |
Exif版本 | 2.21 |
数字化日期时间 | 2012年10月25日 (四) 08:46 |
每个色彩组分意义 |
|
图像压缩模式 | 3 |
APEX快门速度 | 5.90625 |
APEX光圈 | 3.34375 |
APEX曝光补偿 | −1.3333333333333 |
最大光圈 | 3.34375 APEX(f/3.19) |
测光模式 | 多区 |
闪光灯 | 闪光灯点亮、自动模式、防红眼模式 |
支持的Flashpix版本 | 1 |
色彩空间 | sRGB |
焦平面X分辨率 | 16,460.905349794 |
焦平面Y分辨率 | 16,483.516483516 |
焦平面分辨率单位 | 英寸 |
感光方法 | 单芯片彩色区域传感器 |
文件来源 | 数码相机 |
自订图像处理 | 普通处理 |
曝光模式 | 手动曝光 |
白平衡 | 自动白平衡 |
数字变焦比率 | 1 |
场景拍摄类型 | 标准 |
使用的镜头 | 6.2-18.6 mm |
元数据最后修改日期 | 2017年1月29日 (日) 17:40 |
原始文件唯一ID | FFE19CDAC36EB2EE9863BCC2187DB99F |