次開前不圓唇元音是元音的一種,用于一些语言当中。在國際音標中以⟨æ⟩代表此音,X-SAMPA音標則是以⟨{⟩代表此音。英語裏的cat的元音就是這個。吳語蘇州方言的“逍遙”的韻母也是這個元音。另外,在漢語有些中原官话和冀鲁官话中,这个发音对应现代标准汉语的/an/,如“燕山”。
特徵
- 其元音舌位是前,表示舌頭會盡可能地朝向嘴巴前面,但不至于阻礙氣流而被歸類為子音。通常圓唇前元音的實際位置會比參考點的位置還要更靠近中央(稱此過程為央化)。因此,前元音事實上常常是次前元音。
- 其圓唇度為不圓唇元音,嘴唇自然放鬆,不特別向前突起。
各語言比較表
注释
- ^ Donaldson (1993:3頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFDonaldson1993 (help)
- ^ Holes (2004:60頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFHoles2004 (help)
- ^ Berta (1998:183頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFBerta1998 (help)
- ^ Bengali romanization table (PDF). Bahai Studies. Bahai Studies. [30 October 2020]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-11-04).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Rafel (1999:14頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFRafel1999 (help)
- ^ 引用错误:没有为名为
gr100
的参考文献提供内容
- ^ Basbøll (2005:45頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFBasbøll2005 (help)
- ^ Basbøll (2005:32頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFBasbøll2005 (help)
- ^ Collins & Mees (2003:92, 129頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFCollinsMees2003 (help)
- ^ Collins & Mees (2003:92, 128–129, 131頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFCollinsMees2003 (help)
- ^ Gordon & Maclagan (2004:609頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGordonMaclagan2004 (help)
- ^ Wells (1982:486頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFWells1982 (help)
- ^ 13.0 13.1 Gimson (2014:119–120頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGimson2014 (help)
- ^ 14.0 14.1 Asu & Teras (2009:368頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFAsuTeras2009 (help)
- ^ Suomi, Toivanen & Ylitalo (2008:21頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFSuomiToivanenYlitalo2008 (help)
- ^ Collins & Mees (2013:226頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFCollinsMees2013 (help)
- ^ 17.0 17.1 Walker (1984:75頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFWalker1984 (help)
- ^ 18.0 18.1 Moosmüller, Schmid & Brandstätter (2015:342頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFMoosmüllerSchmidBrandstätter2015 (help)
- ^ 19.0 19.1 Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015:40頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl2015 (help)
- ^ 20.0 20.1 Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015:64頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl2015 (help)
- ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015:65頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl2015 (help)
- ^ Dudenredaktion, Kleiner & Knöbl (2015:34, 64–65頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFDudenredaktionKleinerKnöbl2015 (help)
- ^ 23.0 23.1 23.2 Newton (1972:11頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFNewton1972 (help)
- ^ Revithiadou & Spyropoulos (2009:41頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFRevithiadouSpyropoulos2009 (help)
- ^ Szende (1994:92頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFSzende1994 (help)
- ^ François (2005:466頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFFrançois2005 (help)
- ^ 27.0 27.1 Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999:159頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGussenhovenAarts1999 (help)
- ^ 28.0 28.1 Peters (2006:119頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFPeters2006 (help)
- ^ 29.0 29.1 Verhoeven (2007:221頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVerhoeven2007 (help)
- ^ Gilles & Trouvain (2013:70頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGillesTrouvain2013 (help)
- ^ Vanvik (1979:13頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFVanvik1979 (help)
- ^ Popperwell (2010:16, 21–22頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFPopperwell2010 (help)
- ^ Majidi & Ternes (1991)
- ^ Campbell (1995) harv error: no target: CITEREFCampbell1995 (help)
- ^ Portuguese: A Linguistic Introduction – by Milton M. Azevedo (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) Page 186.
- ^ Lista das marcas dialetais e ouros fenómenos de variação (fonética e fonológica) identificados nas amostras do Arquivo Dialetal do CLUP (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) (葡萄牙語)
- ^ Jones & Ward (1969:50頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFJonesWard1969 (help)
- ^ Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015:224–225頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFYanushevskayaBunčić2015 (help)
- ^ Perera & Jones (1919:5頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFPereraJones1919 (help)
- ^ Hanulíková & Hamann (2010:374頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFHanulíkováHamann2010 (help)
- ^ Eliasson (1986:273頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFEliasson1986 (help)
- ^ Thorén & Petterson (1992:15頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFThorénPetterson1992 (help)
- ^ 45.0 45.1 Riad (2014:38頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFRiad2014 (help)
- ^ 46.0 46.1 Göksel & Kerslake (2005:10頁) harv error: no target: CITEREFGökselKerslake2005 (help)
外部連結
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肺部气流音
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當符號成對出現時,左邊的是清音,右邊的是濁音。陰影區域表示被認為是不可能的發音。
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