索馬利亞內戰 索馬利亞內戰 和反恐戰爭 的一部分日期 2009年1月31日 – 至今 (15年6个月3周又4天) 地点 状态
進行中
参战方
蓋達組織 及其盟友
伊斯兰党 (至 2010 年; 2012–2013)
據稱支持: 厄立特里亚 [ 1] [ 2] 伊朗 [ 3] 朝鲜 [ 4]
伊斯蘭國 (2015年起)[ 5] [ 6]
索马里
美国 [ 7] [ 9] [ 10] 支持: 英国 [ 11] 土耳其 [ 7] [ 12] 法國 [ 13] 義大利 [ 14] 俄羅斯 [ 15] [ 16] 指挥官与领导者
艾哈迈德·奥马尔
(青年黨領導者 )
Mahad Karate [ 19] [ 20]
Fuad Qalaf
Sheikh Ali Dheere
Abdukadir Mohamed Abdukadir
Mohamed Mire [ 21]
Jehad Mostafa
Hassan Afgooye [ 22]
Abu Musa Mombasa
Abdul Qadir Mumin (leader of ISS)
Mahad Maalin †
Abdihakim Mohamed Ibrahim ("Dhoqob") †
哈桑·谢赫·马哈茂德 (索马里总统 )
Mohamed Hussein Roble
Hassan Mohomed Amardanbe
Odowaa Yusuf Rageh
Said Abdullahi Dani
Ahmed Abdi Karie
Diomede Ndegeya[ 23]
Ahmed Mohamed Islam
Mohamed Ali Hassan
Abdiaziz Laftagareen
兵力
7,000–12,000 (2022)[ 25]
200–300[ 27]
15,000 (2020)[ 28] 18,000 (2022)[ 29] 2,000 (2013)[ 30] 1,000 (2010)[ 31] ~600 (2019)[ 32] 伤亡与损失
29,219 人死亡[ 33]
26,411 人死亡[ 34] 3,500 人死亡[ 35] 6 人死亡 5 人受傷[ 36] [ 37] [ 38]
4,365 人死亡(2015 年)[ 39]
2009 年 1 月 – 2012 年 10 月 :
4,093[ 40] [ 41] –6,310[ 42] [ 43] [ 44] 死亡
10,938 人受傷[ 40] [ 41]
死亡總數:65,273+ (截至 2023 年 12 月 8 日,根據ACLED )[ 45]
對西亞德·巴雷政權的叛亂(1987年至1991年)
聯合國介入(1991年至1995年)
後聯合國介入時期(1991年至1995年)
索馬利亞內戰(2009年至今) 是索馬利亞內戰 的持續階段,主要集中在索馬利亞 南部和中部。[ 7] 衝突始於2009年1月下旬,目前的衝突主要是在非洲聯盟 維和 部隊協助下的索馬利亞聯邦政府 部隊和與蓋達組織 結盟的青年黨 武裝分子之間。[ 7]
相關條目
註釋
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^ How does 'poor' Eritrea afford to fund Al-Shabaab? . Africa Review. 8 November 2011 [5 July 2017] . (原始内容存档 于12 October 2017).
^ Iran denies shipping arms to Islamist militants in Somalia . Reuters. 2013-02-14 [2023-08-20 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-12-23) (英语) .
^ North Korean weapons used by terrorists in Somalia for attack on UN . Israel Defense. 2023-11-03 [2020-11-03 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-27) (英语) .
^ ISIL's First East African Affiliate Conducts Attacks in Somalia, Kenya . DefenseNews. 29 December 2015.
^ Somalia: Pro-ISIL militants, Al Shabaab clash in deadly Puntland infighting . Garowe Online. 24 December 2015 [28 January 2016] . (原始内容存档 于26 January 2016).
^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 Gaid, Samira. Cruickshank, Paul; Hummel, Kristina , 编. The 2022 Somali Offensive Against al-Shabaab: Making Enduring Gains Will Require Learning from Previous Failures (PDF) . CTC Sentinel (West Point, New York : Combating Terrorism Center ). November–December 2022, 15 (11): 31–38 [25 January 2023] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于18 January 2023).
^ Somalia: Islamist Group Supports President Sharif . [14 February 2009] . (原始内容存档 于19 October 2012).
^ In Somalia, U.S. Escalates a Shadow War – The New York Times . The New York Times . 16 October 2016 [22 October 2017] . (原始内容存档 于23 October 2016).
^ David Brown. US airstrike kills Somalia fighter under new Trump authority . Washingtonexaminer.com. 31 July 2017 [22 October 2017] . (原始内容存档 于18 August 2017).
^ First British troops arrive in Somalia as part of UN mission . The Guardian. 2 May 2016 [2 May 2016] . (原始内容存档 于2 May 2016).
^ Dhaysane, Mohammed. New batch of Somali troops to get training in Turkey . www.aa.com.tr. 9 March 2021 [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-12-07).
^ France reportedly bombs Somali town . [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-29).
^ Italy pledges to Somali gov't financial support to uproot Al shabaab . Shabelle. 3 November 2010 [20 April 2011] . 原始内容存档于8 October 2021.
^ Russia offers support to Somalian army in fight against terrorist groups . ABC News. [2023-08-20 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-08-20) (英语) .
^ Russia Offers Military Support to Somalia . VOA. 2023-05-26 [2023-08-20 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-08-20) (英语) .
^ Staff, Horseed. Somalia: SSC Forces Capture Somaliland's Goojacade military Base . Horseed Media. 2023-08-25 [2023-08-26 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-08-26) (英语) .
^ Amokeoja, Oluwatomisin. SSC Administration Captures Somaliland's Main Military Base . BNN. 2023-08-25 [2023-09-04 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-09-04) (英语) .
^ MAHAD KARATE | United Nations Security Council . www.un.org. [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-06-25).
^ Mahad Karate - RewardsForJustice . rewardsforjustice.net. [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-09-24).
^ Terrorist Designation of Al-Shabaab Leaders . [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-12-09).
^ Treasury Designates al-Shabaab Financial Facilitators . [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-01-15).
^ Lt. Gen. Diomede Ndegeya . atmis-au.org. 3 June 2022 [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-27).
^ Somalia general killed by al-Shabab suicide car bomber . BBC News. 18 September 2016 [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-28).
^ UN report indicates al-Qaeda and ISIS enjoy safe haven in Turkish-controlled Idlib . Nordic Monitor. February 9, 2022 [15 February 2022] . (原始内容存档 于2022-02-15).
^ Somalia: Ideologial Differences Split Somalia's Al-Shabaab . allAfrica.com. 20 December 2009 [20 April 2011] . (原始内容存档 于4 June 2011).
^ Maruf, Haran. IS Militants Seize Town in Somalia's Puntland . voanews.com. Voice of America. 26 October 2016 [29 October 2016] . (原始内容存档 于30 October 2016).
^ Robinson, Colin D. "Rebuilding armies in southern Somalia: What currently should donors realistically aim for?," Conflict, Security & Development (2021): 320, 330-331.
^ Is the AU mission in Somalia changing in name only? . 29 March 2022 [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-18).
^ Etpu – United Nations Security Council Report: Somalia (PDF) : 12. [20 April 2011] . (原始内容存档 (PDF) 于28 April 2011).
^ Shabaab absorbs southern Islamist group, splits Hizbul Islam – The Long War Journal . longwarjournal.org. February 2010 [29 March 2015] . (原始内容存档 于12 July 2015).
^ Browne, Ryan. US airstrikes help repel al-Shabaab attack on US base in Somalia . CNN. 30 September 2019 [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-27).
^ Al Shabaab: Number of Deaths 2009–2021 . UCDP - Uppsala Conflict Data Program. [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-27).
^ Somalia Government: Number of Deaths 2009–2021 . UCDP: Uppsala Conflict Data Program. [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2024-02-27).
^ Exclusive: At Least 3,500 AU Soldiers Killed in Somalia Since 2007 . www.voanews.com. [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-05-24).
^ Somalia conflict: One US soldier killed, four wounded in firefight . BBC News. 9 June 2018 [14 June 2018] . (原始内容存档 于14 June 2018).
^ Cooper, Helene. Navy SEAL Who Died in Somalia Was Alongside, Not Behind, Local Forces . The New York Times . 9 May 2017 [3 June 2017] . (原始内容存档 于3 September 2017).
^ Camp Simba: Three Americans killed in Kenya base . BBC News. 5 January 2020 [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2023-11-03).
^ ACLED Version 6 (1997–2015) . Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project. [13 January 2015] . (原始内容 存档于18 January 2016).
^ 40.0 40.1 allafrica More Than 1,700 Killed in Clashes in 2009 互联网档案馆 的存檔 ,存档日期12 October 2012., 1 January 2010
^ 41.0 41.1 IRIN Africa Accusations traded over rising casualties at Mogadishu market 互联网档案馆 的存檔 ,存档日期6 December 2010., 2 December 2010
^ Database – Uppsala Conflict Data Program . UCDP. [19 April 2013] . (原始内容 存档于4 March 2016).
^ c.f. UCDP datasets for SNA, ARS/UIC and Al-Shabaab tolls.
^ UCDP non-state conflict 互联网档案馆 的存檔 ,存档日期4 March 2016. tolls
^ ACLED Dashboard . ACLED. [2024-01-27 ] . (原始内容存档 于2022-11-01).