西帕克托纳尔

西帕克托纳尔（古典納瓦特爾語：Cipactonal）是阿兹特克神话中主管占卜与历法的神袛。传说中西帕克托纳尔和奥索莫科（英语：Oxomoco）是第一对人类夫妇，在创造与进化方面类似于基督文明中的亚当与夏娃。^[1]^[2] 他们育有一子，名为皮尔特辛特库特利，后来取了索奇克特萨尔的女儿为妻^[3]^[2]。

描述

根据夸奥蒂特兰的记载，西帕克托纳尔和奥索莫科掌管着历法^[4]，他们亦出现在以基切语书写的圣书波波爾·烏中^[5]。尼加拉瓜的一些学者则认为他们的身份正好相反，例如费尔南德斯·德奥维埃多·巴尔德斯曾宣称西帕克托纳尔实为女性，而奥索莫科才是男性，并将其中一人称为塔马加斯塔德（Tamagastad，尼加拉瓜传说中与西帕克托纳尔共为创造神）^[2]，伊弗雷姆·乔治·斯奎尔（英语：E. G. Squier）与弗兰克·E·孔帕拉托则认为他们是巫师^[5]。而在納瓦特爾語所描述的塔莫安錢的四位祭祀中，除奥索莫科为女性外，其余三位（包括西帕克托纳尔）皆性别不明^[6]。根据波旁尼克手抄本的描绘，奥索莫科和西帕克托纳尔通常背着烟草或葫芦^[7]。在另外一些描述中，双神中的女性常带着蝴蝶面具，用一根导管播撒玉米和豆子^[8]。佛罗伦萨手抄本中则描绘了奥索莫科给绳子打结时的画面^[6]。在雅乌特佩克附近仍矗立着奥索莫科和西帕克托纳尔的石像^[7]。

参考来源

^ Austin, Alfredo López. The human body and ideology: concepts of the ancient Nahuas. University of Utah Press. 1988: 238 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-87480-260-3. （原始内容存档于2020-09-14）.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Austin, Alfredo López. The rabbit on the face of the moon: mythology in the mesoamerican tradition. University of Utah Press. 1996: 102–6 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-87480-527-7. （原始内容存档于2020-06-15）.
^ Aztec cosmology. University of Texas. [26 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-11）.
^ New World Archaeological Foundation. Papers of the New World Archaeological Foundation. New World Archaeological Foundation. 1995: 227 [26 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Squier, Ephraim George; Comparato, Frank E. Observations on the archaeology and ethnology of Nicaragua. Labyrinthos. 1990: 29 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-911437-08-9. （原始内容存档于2020-06-15）.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Boone, Elizabeth Hill. Cycles of time and meaning in the Mexican books of fate. University of Texas Press. 2007: 24, 25– [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-292-71263-8. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Smith, Mary Elizabeth; Boone, Elizabeth Hill. Painted books and indigenous knowledge in Mesoamerica: manuscript studies in honor of Mary Elizabeth Smith. Middle American Research Institute. 2005: 14 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-939238-99-6. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.
^ Nowotny, Karl Anton; Everett, George A.; Sisson, Edward B. Tlacuilolli: style and contents of the Mexican pictorial manuscripts with a catalog of the Borgia Group. University of Oklahoma Press. 2005: 61 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3653-0. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.

[Austin1988-1] Austin, Alfredo López. The human body and ideology: concepts of the ancient Nahuas. University of Utah Press. 1988: 238 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-87480-260-3. （原始内容存档于2020-09-14）.

[Austin1996-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Austin, Alfredo López. The rabbit on the face of the moon: mythology in the mesoamerican tradition. University of Utah Press. 1996: 102–6 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-87480-527-7. （原始内容存档于2020-06-15）.

[3] Aztec cosmology. University of Texas. [26 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2012-01-11）.

[Foundation1995-4] New World Archaeological Foundation. Papers of the New World Archaeological Foundation. New World Archaeological Foundation. 1995: 227 [26 October 2011]. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.

[SquierComparato1990-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Squier, Ephraim George; Comparato, Frank E. Observations on the archaeology and ethnology of Nicaragua. Labyrinthos. 1990: 29 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-911437-08-9. （原始内容存档于2020-06-15）.

[Boone2007-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Boone, Elizabeth Hill. Cycles of time and meaning in the Mexican books of fate. University of Texas Press. 2007: 24, 25– [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-292-71263-8. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.

[SmithBoone2005-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Smith, Mary Elizabeth; Boone, Elizabeth Hill. Painted books and indigenous knowledge in Mesoamerica: manuscript studies in honor of Mary Elizabeth Smith. Middle American Research Institute. 2005: 14 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-939238-99-6. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.

[NowotnyEverett2005-8] Nowotny, Karl Anton; Everett, George A.; Sisson, Edward B. Tlacuilolli: style and contents of the Mexican pictorial manuscripts with a catalog of the Borgia Group. University of Oklahoma Press. 2005: 61 [26 October 2011]. ISBN 978-0-8061-3653-0. （原始内容存档于2014-06-27）.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]