十二年休戰
 |
十二年休戰是西班牙帝國與荷蘭共和國之間八十年戰爭期間的停火協議，於1609年4月9日在安特衛普達成，並於1621年4月9日結束[1]。雖然法國等歐洲列強開始將荷蘭共和國視為一個主權國家，但西班牙人認為這是由於財政枯竭和國內問題而被迫採取的臨時措施，西班牙直到1648年簽訂《威斯特伐利亞條約》才正式承認荷蘭獨立[2][3]。停戰協議使西班牙腓力三世能夠將資源集中到其他地方，而阿爾伯特大公和伊莎貝拉則利用停戰協議鞏固哈布斯堡王朝的統治，並在南尼德蘭實施反宗教改革。
文獻
- Allen, Paul C. Philip III and the Pax Hispanica, 1598–1621: The Failure of Grand Strategy. Yale University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-300-07682-7.
- Anderson, Alison Deborah. On the Verge of War: International Relations and the Jülich-Kleve Succession Crisis, 1609–1614. Humanities Press. 1999. ISBN 0-391-04092-8.
- Borschberg, Peter. Hugo Grotius, the Portuguese and Free Trade in the East Indies. NUS Press and KITLV Press. 2011. ISBN 9789971695194.
- Eysinga, Willem Jan Marie. De wording van het Twaafjarig Bestand van 9 april 1609. Noord-Hollandsche Uitgevers Maatschappij. 1959.
- García García, Bernardo J. (編). Tiempo de paces: La Pax Hispanica y la Tregua de los Doce Años. Sociedad estatal de conmemoraciones culturales. 2009. ISBN 978-84-92827-07-7.
- Goodman, David. Spanish Naval Power, 1589-1665: Reconstruction and Defeat. Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 9780521522571.
- Groenveld, Simon. Het Twaalfjarig Bestand, 1609-1621, De jongelingsjaren van de Republiek der Verenigde Nederlanden. Haags Historisch Museum. 2009. ISBN 978-90-72550-05-7.
- Israel, Jonathan. The Dutch Republic and the Hispanic World, 1606–1661. Clarendon. 1982. ISBN 978-0-19-821998-9.
- Israel, Jonathan. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness, and Fall 1477–1806. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1995. ISBN 0-19-873072-1.
- Israel, Jonathan. The Dutch Republic: Its Rise, Greatness and Fall, 1477–1806. Oxford University Press. 1998. ISBN 978-0-19-820734-4.
- Parker, Geoffrey. The Dutch Revolt. Penguin Books. 1977.
- Poelhekke, Jan Joseph. 't Uytgaen van den treves: Spanje en de Nederlanden in 1621. J.B. Wolters. 1960.
- Limm, P. The Dutch Revolt 1559–1648. Routledge. 2014. ISBN 9781317880585.
- Pérez, Yolanda Rodríguez. The Dutch Revolt Through Spanish Eyes: Self and Other in Historical and Literary Texts of Golden Age Spain (c. 1548–1673). Peter Lang. 2008. ISBN 9783039111367.
- Van Deursen, A.Th. Bavianen en slijkgeuzen: Kerk en kerkvolk ten tijde van Maurits en Oldenbarnevelt. Van Gorcum & Co. 1974.