拉丁語短語列表
拉丁語短語列表(List of Latin phrases)以下是一些常用的拉丁文短語。拉丁語是羅馬帝國的官方語言,現在歐洲的許多語言都含有拉丁語的借詞。許多拉丁語詞彙也是從古希臘文引入。在歐美的排版規則中,外來語要使用斜體表示,因此這些拉丁語在英語文章中也通常用斜體,但也存在不少例外,如 am (上午)等就不會使用斜體。
由於兩千多年來的改變,許多詞的含義和用法已經改變了。請讀者參考專業辭典。比如「ad hominem」直譯是「對着人」,英文常用的意思是「從個人偏好出發」或「呼籲個人的同情」,但是在哲學上的意思是「人身攻擊的謬誤」。[1]
拉丁語短語列表
拉丁短語 | 縮寫 | 英語直譯 | 中文翻譯 |
---|---|---|---|
a fortiori | from the stronger | 更加、舉重以明輕 | |
ad libitum | ad-lib | at one's pleasure | 隨意、即興 |
a posteriori | from the latter | 歸納地、後驗、以經驗為根據(對照:a priori) | |
a priori | from the former | 演繹地、先驗、以推論為根據(對照:a posteriori) | |
ad hoc | for this | 特設的、特定目的的(地)、即席的、臨時的、將就的、專案的 | |
ad hominem | to the man | 訴諸人身、對人不對事、因人廢言、以人廢言或人身攻擊的謬誤 | |
ad infinitum | to infinity | 無限地 | |
ad nauseam | to sea sickness | 令人作嘔地 | |
anno Domini | A.D. | in the year of our Lord | 公元 |
ante meridiem | a.m. | before noon | 上午 |
bona fide | in good faith | 真誠的、無欺的 | |
camera obscura | dark chamber | 暗箱 | |
carpe diem | seize the day | 及時行樂、抓住時機 | |
ceteris paribus | with all other factors the same | 其他條件[情況]均同 | |
circa | ca. | about; used especially in approximate dates | 大約 |
cum laude | with honor | 優等、拉丁文學位榮譽 | |
de facto | from the fact | 事實上的(對照:de jure) | |
de jure | concerning the law, by right | 規則上的(對照:de facto) | |
et alia | et al. | and others; and elsewhere | 以及其他、等等 |
et cetera | etc. | and the rest; and so forth; and so on | 以及其他、等等 |
ex libris | from the books | 從書中、參見藏書票 | |
ex parte | from part, from one side | 片面的 | |
ex post facto | afterwards | 事後的、有追溯效力的 | |
ex situ | the opposite of "in situ" | 異位的 | |
exempli gratia | e.g. | for example; such as | 例如 |
ibidem | ibid. | in the aformentioned place | 同前引證 |
id est | i.e. | that is | 即 |
idem | the same as previously given | 同上 | |
in camera | in a chamber, in private, secretly | 私下地、法官室 | |
in loco parentis | in place of a parent | 代替父母 | |
in medias res | into the midst of things | (情節)中間切入 | |
in situ | in place or position undisturbed | 在原處 | |
in vivo | "in the living", (performed) in a living organism | 在活體內 | |
inter alia | among other things | 除其他因素之外 | |
intra vires | within the power | 權力之內,有權行為(對照:ultra vires) | |
ipse dixit | he himself said it | 親口所述、沒有證實的斷言 | |
ipso facto | by the fact itself | 根據事實 | |
locum tenens | place holder | 暫時代班、具同等資歷、常用於醫生、神職、常簡化為locum | |
magna cum laude | with great honor | 極優等、拉丁文學位榮譽 | |
magnum opus | a great work | 巨著,傑作 | |
memento mori | remember that you must die | 死的象徵、記住你會死 | |
mirabile dictu | wonderful to say | 說也奇怪 | |
mirabile visu | wonderful to see | 光怪陸離的 | |
modus operandi | way of operating | 操作方法、程序、習慣 | |
ne plus ultra | (go) no more beyond | 極致、極點 | |
noli me tangere | do not touch me | 禁止接觸 | |
non sequitur | it does not follow | 不合邏輯的推論 | |
nota bene | note well | 值得留意、請讀者留意 | |
O tempora, o mores! | Oh the times! Oh the customs! | 這是什麼時代!什麼風尚! | |
opere citato | op. cit. | in the work cited | 在列舉的著作中 |
per capita | by heads | 按人頭算、每人 | |
per diem | by the day | 按日給予津貼、每日 | |
per fas et nefas | by right or wrong | 無論好壞、無論正當與否 | |
per se | by or of itself | 本身,本質上 | |
persona grata | pleasing person | 受歡迎的人,接受外交官(對照:persona non grata) | |
persona non grata | unwelcome person | 不受歡迎的人,驅逐外交官(對照:persona grata) | |
post hoc | after this | 後此謬誤(後此故因此謬誤) | |
post meridiem | p.m. | after noon | 下午 |
post mortem | after death | 死後、驗屍、事後 | |
post partum | after birth | 產後 | |
prima facie | at first appearance | 乍看的、表面的、自明的 | |
pro forma | for form | 形式上的、提前的、備考的(商業文件) | |
quid pro quo | something given in exchange for something | 交換物、替代物、報復 | |
quod erat demonstrandum | Q.E.D. | which had to be shown | 即證 |
sic | thus | 原文如此 | |
sine die | without a day, indefinitely | 無限期地、未定地 | |
sine qua non | without which not | 沒有什麼(原因)不、要素、先決條件 | |
status quo | in state in which | 現狀 | |
sui generis | of its own kind, unique, peculiar | 別具一格的 | |
summa cum laude | with highest honor | 最優等、拉丁文學位榮譽 | |
tempus fugit | time flies | 光陰似箭 | |
ultra vires | beyond the power | 權力之外,越權行為(對照:intra vires) | |
vice versa | conversely; in reverse order from that stated | 反之亦然、反者亦然 | |
vide ante | see before | 見前 | |
vide infra | see below | 見下 | |
vide post | see after | 見後 | |
vide supra | see above | 見上 | |
videlicet | viz. | that is to say; namely | 即、就是說、換言之 |
註釋
參見
外部連結
- Exempla sententiarum clararum (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (拉丁語)
- Commonly used Latin Phrases (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (英語)
- Latin abbreviations (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (英語)
- Latin quote ideas (英語)
- Latin sayings & Latin phrases (頁面存檔備份,存於網際網路檔案館) (英語)
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本條目是列表索引。 |