剛毛豬籠草

剛毛豬籠草
	產自婆羅洲巴哥國家公園的剛毛豬籠草的上位籠
保護狀況
	; 依賴保育（IUCN 2.3）
科學分類
界：	植物界 Plantae
演化支：	維管束植物 Tracheophyta
演化支：	被子植物 Angiosperms
演化支：	真雙子葉植物 Eudicots
目：	石竹目 Caryophyllales
科：	豬籠草科 Nepenthaceae
屬：	豬籠草屬 Nepenthes
種：	剛毛豬籠草 N. hirsuta
二名法
	Nepenthes hirsuta; Hook.f. (1873)
異名
	Nepenthes leptochila; Danser (1928);

剛毛豬籠草（學名：Nepenthes hirsuta）是婆羅洲特有的熱帶食蟲植物。^[2]其最大的特點就是披被着厚厚一層棕色的毛被，而其他豬籠草多只在花序上具毛被。捕蟲籠多為全綠色，內表面具一些紅色的斑點。^[3]其種加詞「hirsuta」來源於拉丁文「hirsūtus」，意為「多毛的，剛毛的」。^[4]

剛毛豬籠草生長於海拔200米至1100米處。^[5]其分佈廣泛於荒原森林、覆滿苔蘚的低地山地森林、開闊地和山脊下部的灌木叢。其通常生長在砂質土壤上。^[4]

種下類群

Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrata Macf. (1908)^[9]
Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens W.G.Sm. (1882)^[10][=N. distillatoria]
Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens rubra auct. non Hort. ex Rafarin: Nichols. (1892) [=N. distillatoria]
Nepenthes hirsuta var. typica Macf. (1908) nom.illeg.

自然雜交種

N. albomarginata × N. hirsuta^[4]
N. ampullaria × N. hirsuta^[4]
? N. hirsuta × N. lowii^[5]^[11]

參考文獻

^ （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.
^ 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 75. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.
^ Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
^ Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 54(4): 887–895. doi:10.2307/4111166
^ Schlauer, J. 2000. Literature Reviews.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 29(2): 53.
^ Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes hirsuta （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Carnivorous Plant Database.
^ Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
^ Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.
^ Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes.PDF Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1999. Palynological study of Bornean Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae).PDF Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science 22(1): 1–7.
Bauer, U., C.J. Clemente, T. Renner & W. Federle 2012. Form follows function: morphological diversification and alternative trapping strategies in carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 25(1): 90–102. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02406.x
Bourke, G. 2010. The climbing pitcher plants of the Kelabit highlands.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(1): 4–7.
Bourke, G. 2010. Plant profile: Nepenthes hirsuta Kuching Spotted.PDF Captive Exotics Newsletter 1(3): 10.
Bourke, G. 2011. The Nepenthes of Mulu National Park. Carniflora Australis 8(1): 20–31.
Burbidge, F.W. 1882. Notes on the new Nepenthes.（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(420): 56.
Clarke et al. Nepenthes hirsuta. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2000. [10 May 2006].
Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
Damayanti, F., M. Mansur & I. Roostika 2011. Diversity of Nepenthes spp. in West Kalimantan. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 3(13): 705–708.
Lee, C.C. 2000. Recent Nepenthes Discoveries（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. [video] The 3rd Conference of the International Carnivorous Plant Society, San Francisco, USA.
Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo.PDF Proceedings of the 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Hiroshima University, Tokyo: 25–30.
Lee, C.C. 2002. Nepenthes species of the Hose Mountains in Sarawak, Borneo（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. [video] The 4th International Carnivorous Plant Conference, Tokyo, Japan. (video by Irmgard & Siegfried R. H. Hartmeyer)
（印尼文） Mansur, M. 2001. Koleksi Nepenthes di Herbarium Bogoriense: prospeknya sebagai tanaman hias.PDF In: Prosiding Seminar Hari Cinta Puspa dan Satwa Nasional. Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Bogor. pp. 244–253.
（印尼文） Mansur, M. 2007. Keanekaragaman jenis Nepenthes (kantong semar) dataran rendah di Kalimantan Tengah. [Diversity of lowland Nepenthes (kantong semar) in Central Kalimantan.] Berita Biologi 8(5): 335–341. Abstract
Mansur, M. & F.Q. Brearley 2008. Ecological studies on Nepenthes at Barito Ulu, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 9(3): 271–276.
McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
Meimberg, H., A. Wistuba, P. Dittrich & G. Heubl 2001. Molecular phylogeny of Nepenthaceae based on cladistic analysis of plastid trnK intron sequence data. Plant Biology 3(2): 164–175. doi:10.1055/s-2001-12897
（德文） Meimberg, H. 2002. Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l..PDF Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.
Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. Plant Biology 8(6): 831–840. doi:10.1055/s-2006-924676
Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the trnK intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 39(2): 478–490. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023
Renner, T. & C.D. Specht 2011. A sticky situation: assessing adaptations for plant carnivory in the Caryophyllales by means of stochastic character mapping. International Journal of Plant Sciences 172(7): 889–901. doi:10.1086/660882
Russell, C. & E. Ossian 1990. Opportunistic feeding involving the pitcher plants Nepenthes hirsuta, Nepenthes gracilis and the epiphytic orchid Schomburgkia tibicinis, or natural ant eradication, the rube goldberg method. The Orchid Digest 54(4): 182–184.
Steiner, H. 2002. Borneo: Its Mountains and Lowlands with their Pitcher Plants. Toihaan Publishing Company, Kota Kinabalu. viii + 136 pp.
Thorogood, C. 2010. The Malaysian Nepenthes: Evolutionary and Taxonomic Perspectives. Nova Science Publishers, New York.

擴展閱讀

食蟲植物照片搜尋引擎中剛毛豬籠草的照片（頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）

維基共享資源上的相關多媒體資源：剛毛豬籠草維基物種上的相關資訊：剛毛豬籠草

[Hooker-1] （拉丁文） Hooker, J.D. 1873. Ordo CLXXV bis. Nepenthaceæ. In: A. de Candolle Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 17: 90–105.

[夏洛特2007-2] 夏洛特. 食蟲植物觀賞&栽培圖鑑. 台北: 商周出版. 2007: 75. ISBN 978-986-124-850-9.

[P&L-3] Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

[Clarke-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

[McPherson-5] 5.0 ^5.1 McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.

[6] Cheek, M.R. & M.H.P. Jebb 1999. Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae) in Palawan, Philippines. Kew Bulletin 54(4): 887–895. doi:10.2307/4111166

[7] Schlauer, J. 2000. Literature Reviews.PDF Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 29(2): 53.

[8] Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes hirsuta （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）. Carnivorous Plant Database.

[Macfarlane-9] Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.

[10] Smith, W.G. 1882. New garden plants. Nepenthes hirsuta var. glabrescens. （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） The Gardeners' Chronicle, new series, 17(430): 398–399.

[P&L2008-11] Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.

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形態特徵	大型平庸豬籠草	剛毛豬籠草	粗毛豬籠草
大型平庸豬籠草、剛毛豬籠草和粗毛豬籠草之間形態特徵的差別（Steiner, 2002 after Clarke, 1997）
葉片	不長於30厘米，橢圓形至線形	革質，不長於20厘米，管狀－匙形或倒卵形	革質，不長於28厘米，倒披針形至長圓形
葉尖	急尖至鈍尖	急尖或渾圓	漸尖至鈍尖，常不等
葉基	漸縮成帶翼的葉柄，基部的葉柄翼更寬大，約包住莖周長的二分之一，不下延	減縮，橫向平展，約包住莖周長的二分之一	減縮，約包住莖周長的二分之一，常下延
縱脈	中脈兩側各2至3條	不明顯	中脈兩側各3條
毛被	成熟的捕蟲籠和莖無毛被，發育中的捕蟲籠有少量的短毛	莖覆蓋着褐色的長毛，但不呈類似粗毛豬籠草的鬃毛狀	莖覆蓋着濃密的鬃毛狀紫灰色毛被

相關物種

種下類群

自然雜交種

參考文獻

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