山楂酸
山楂酸 | |
---|---|
IUPAC名 2α,3β-Dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid | |
系統名 (4aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,11R,12aR,12bR,14bS)-10,11-Dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14b-octadecahydropicene-4a(2H)-carboxylic acid | |
別名 | 馬斯里酸、2α-羥基齊墩果酸 |
識別 | |
CAS號 | 4373-41-5 |
PubChem | 73659 |
ChemSpider | 66312 |
SMILES |
|
ChEBI | 66682 |
KEGG | C16939 |
性質 | |
化學式 | C30H48O4 |
摩爾質量 | 472.7 g·mol−1 |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
山楂酸(英語:Maslinic acid),別名馬斯里酸或2α-羥基齊墩果酸,是一種齊墩果烷型五環三萜酸,存在於山楂,油橄欖、枇杷葉、桔梗、廣藿香、鼠尾草等植物中。在油橄欖和山楂表皮果蠟含量最高,蘋果表皮果蠟也有一定的山楂酸[1][2][3]。其主要從油橄欖中提取,亦可以齊墩果酸為原料合成製備[2]。研究表明其具有多種藥理活性。
藥理活性
體外研究表明山楂酸可以抑制絲氨酸蛋白酶活性,因該酶是HIV病毒在體內擴散所需的關鍵酶,因此山楂酸可能作為治療HIV的一個突破點[4]。其對腸癌細胞也具備體外抑制增殖活性[5]。在大鼠身上,山楂酸能提高興奮性氨基酸轉運蛋白2(EAAT2)對穀氨酸吸收,來減緩穀氨酸毒性作用[6]。在老鼠肝臟中,山楂酸可起到糖原磷酸化酶抑制劑作用[7][8],這一點可以在虹鱒魚上證實,暴露於山楂酸後,糖原開始在魚肝中積累[9]。
臨床意義
山楂酸已被證實具有抗氧化活性,能清除活性氧和活性氮物種[10][11]。它還對小鼠巨噬細胞中的TNF-α和IL-6等促炎細胞因子具有抑制作用[11]。這些作用均有利於蛋白質合成、促進生長發育和強化關節[12]。當老年人服用山楂酸,並配以力量訓練後可增強肌肉質量[13]。
參考文獻
- ^ 焦志敏,陳龍勝,許舒雯,陳蘭,任鳳蓮. HPLC测定油橄榄不同部位山楂酸的含量. 林產化學與工業. 2010, 30 (2): 23-26.
- ^ 2.0 2.1 李宣,何迎春,周芳亮. 山楂酸药理作用及其机制的研究进展. 中國現代醫學雜誌. 2021, 31 (8): 49-53. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2021.08.009.
- ^ 張林晨,張小琴,張俊平. 山楂酸药理作用的研究进展. 藥學實踐與服務. 2024, 42 (5): 185-189. doi:10.12206/j.issn.2097-2024.202307052.
- ^ University of Granada. Compound From Olive-pomace Oil Inhibits HIV Spread. sciencedaily.com. 11 July 2007 [2009-06-16].
- ^ Juan ME, Planas JM, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Daniel H, Wenzel U. Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of maslinic and oleanolic acids, two pentacyclic triterpenes from olives, on HT-29 colon cancer cells (PDF). Br J Nutr. 2008, 100 (1): 36–43. PMID 18298868. doi:10.1017/S0007114508882979 .
- ^ Guan T, Qian Y, Guan T, Qian Y, Tang X, Huang M, Huang L, Li Y, Sun M. Maslinic acid, a natural inhibitor of glycogen phosphorylase, reduces cerebral ischemic injury in hyperglycemic rats by GLT-1 up-regulation. J. Neurosci. Res. November 2011, 89 (11): 1829–39. PMID 21800347. doi:10.1002/jnr.22671 .
- ^ Márquez Martín A, De La Puerta Vázquez R, Fernández-Arche A, Ruiz-Gutiérrez V. Supressive effect of maslinic acid from pomace olive oil on oxidative stress and cytokine production in stimulated murine macrophages. Free Radical Research. 2006, 40 (3): 295–302. ISSN 1071-5762. PMID 16484046. doi:10.1080/10715760500467935 (英語).
- ^ Wen X, Sun H, Liu J, Wu G, Zhang L, Wu X, Ni P. Pentacyclic triterpenes. Part 1: The first examples of naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenes as a new class of inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylases. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2005-11-15, 15 (22): 4944–4948. ISSN 0960-894X. PMID 16169219. doi:10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.08.026.
- ^ Vlietinck A, De Bruyne T, Apers S, Pieters L. Plant-Derived Leading Compounds for Chemotherapy of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection (PDF). Planta Medica. 1998, 64 (02): 97–109. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 9525100. doi:10.1055/s-2006-957384 (英語).
- ^ Conlon, Ian; Raff, Martin. Size Control in Animal Development. Cell. 1999-01-22, 96 (2): 235–244. PMID 9988218. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80563-2 (英語).
- ^ 11.0 11.1 Montilla MP, Agil A, Navarro MC, Jiménez MI, García-Granados A, Parra A, Cabo MM. Antioxidant Activity of Maslinic Acid, a Triterpene Derivative Obtained from Olea europaea. Planta Medica. 2003, 69 (5): 472–474. ISSN 0032-0943. PMID 12802735. doi:10.1055/s-2003-39698 (英語).
- ^ Nierding, Axel. Acide Maslinique: Propriétés Et Bienfaits [Maslinic Acid: Properties And Benefits]. Polyvalents. [2023-12-25] (法語).
- ^ Nagai N, Yagyu S, Sakane N. Maslinic acid derived from olive fruit in combination with resistance training improves muscle mass and mobility functions in the elderly. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition. 2019, 64 (3): 224–230. PMC 6529705 . PMID 31138956. doi:10.3164/jcbn.18-104.