乙型流感病毒

乙型流感病毒
	乙型流感病毒的病毒結構
病毒分類
（未分级）：	病毒 Virus
域：	核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界：	正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门：	負核糖病毒門 Negarnaviricota
纲：	泛流感病毒纲 Insthoviricetes
目：	分节段病毒目 Articulavirales
科：	正黏液病毒科 Orthomyxoviridae
属：	乙型流行性感冒病毒屬 Betainfluenzavirus
种：	乙型流感病毒 Influenza B virus
異名
	物種 Influenza type B virus; Influenza virus B; 屬 Influenzavirus B;

乙型流感病毒（英文：Influenza B virus）是一种流感病毒，為正黏液病毒科乙型流感病毒屬下的一種（學名：Betainfluenzavirus），可引起流行性感冒。^[4]乙型流感病毒只感染人和鳍足类动物（比如海豹），因此乙型流感病毒并未造成如甲型流感病毒所致的各种流感大流行。^[5]虽然都会发生基因重排、抗原漂移，但乙型流感病毒在人群中的演化速率要低于甲型流感病毒（低2-3倍，但高于丙型流感病毒的演化速率）。^[6]^[7]^[8]尽管如此，乙型流感病毒依然可在世界范围内造成巨大伤亡，尤其是对青少年和儿童。

乙型流感病毒的基因序列含有14,548个核苷酸，分为8个单链RNA片段。^[4]依据其表面糖蛋白血球凝集素的抗原特性，流行的乙型流感病毒有两个分支：B/Yamagata/16/88-型病毒，以及 B/Victoria/2/87-型病毒^[9]^[10]，其中B/Yamagata毒株可能已在COVID-19大流行后消失^[11]^[12]。

参见

参考资料

^ ICTV 2nd Report Fenner, F. (1976). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Second report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Intervirology 7: 1-115. p57 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%202nd%20Report.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ ICTV 6th Report Murphy, F. A., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L., Ghabrial, S. A., Jarvis, A. W. Martelli, G. P. Mayo, M. A. & Summers, M. D.(eds)(1995). Virus Taxonomy. Sixthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement 10, p297 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
^ Smith, Gavin JD; et al. Changing individual genus and species names in the family Orthomyxoviridae. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). 8 June 2017 [22 March 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-19）（英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Complete genomes: Betainfluenzavirus. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [2021-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-24）.
^ Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Martina BE, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA. Influenza B virus in seals. Science. 2000, 288 (5468): 1051–53. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1051O. PMID 10807575. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1051.
^ Hay AJ, Gregory V, Douglas AR, Lin YP. The evolution of human influenza viruses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2001, 356 (1416): 1861–70. PMC 1088562 . PMID 11779385. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999.
^ Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Takashita E, Muraki Y, Hongo S, Katsushima N, Mizuta K, Nishimura H. Genetic diversity of influenza B virus: The frequent reassortment and cocirculation of the genetically distinct reassortant viruses in a community. J. Med. Virol. 2004, 74 (1): 132–40. PMID 15258979. doi:10.1002/jmv.20156.
^ Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K. Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes. J. Virol. 1999, 73 (5): 4413–26. PMC 104222 . PMID 10196339. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.5.4413-4426.1999.
^ Biere, Barbara; Bauer, Bettina; Schweiger, Brunhilde. Differentiation of Influenza B Virus Lineages Yamagata and Victoria by Real-Time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2010-04-01, 48 (4): 1425–1427 [2021-01-06]. ISSN 0095-1137. PMID 20107085. doi:10.1128/JCM.02116-09. （原始内容存档于2021-04-15）（英语）.
^ 季节性流感. 世界卫生组织. [2021-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-22）（中文）.
^ Alhoufie, Sari T.; Alsharif, Naif H.; Alfarouk, Khalid O.; Ibrahim, Nadier A.; Kheyami, Ali M.; Aljifri, Alanoud A. COVID-19 with underdiagnosed influenza B and parainfluenza-2 co-infections in Saudi Arabia: Two case reports. Journal of Infection and Public Health. November 2021, 14 (11): 1567–1570. PMC 8442300 . PMID 34627054. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.005.
^ Koutsakos, Marios; Wheatley, Adam K.; Laurie, Karen; Kent, Stephen J.; Rockman, Steve. Influenza lineage extinction during the COVID-19 pandemic?. Nature Reviews Microbiology. December 2021, 19 (12): 741–742. PMC 8477979 . PMID 34584246. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00642-4.

[1] ICTV 2nd Report Fenner, F. (1976). Classification and nomenclature of viruses. Second report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Intervirology 7: 1-115. p57 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%202nd%20Report.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[2] ICTV 6th Report Murphy, F. A., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L., Ghabrial, S. A., Jarvis, A. W. Martelli, G. P. Mayo, M. A. & Summers, M. D.(eds)(1995). Virus Taxonomy. Sixthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement 10, p297 https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）

[2017.011M-3] Smith, Gavin JD; et al. Changing individual genus and species names in the family Orthomyxoviridae. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV). 8 June 2017 [22 March 2019]. （原始内容存档于2021-11-19）（英语）.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Complete genomes: Betainfluenzavirus. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. [2021-01-05]. （原始内容存档于2021-09-24）.

[pmid108075752-5] Osterhaus AD, Rimmelzwaan GF, Martina BE, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RA. Influenza B virus in seals. Science. 2000, 288 (5468): 1051–53. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1051O. PMID 10807575. doi:10.1126/science.288.5468.1051.

[pmid11779385-6] Hay AJ, Gregory V, Douglas AR, Lin YP. The evolution of human influenza viruses. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2001, 356 (1416): 1861–70. PMC 1088562 . PMID 11779385. doi:10.1098/rstb.2001.0999.

[pmid15258979-7] Matsuzaki Y, Sugawara K, Takashita E, Muraki Y, Hongo S, Katsushima N, Mizuta K, Nishimura H. Genetic diversity of influenza B virus: The frequent reassortment and cocirculation of the genetically distinct reassortant viruses in a community. J. Med. Virol. 2004, 74 (1): 132–40. PMID 15258979. doi:10.1002/jmv.20156.

[pmid101963392-8] Lindstrom SE, Hiromoto Y, Nishimura H, Saito T, Nerome R, Nerome K. Comparative Analysis of Evolutionary Mechanisms of the Hemagglutinin and Three Internal Protein Genes of Influenza B Virus: Multiple Cocirculating Lineages and Frequent Reassortment of the NP, M, and NS Genes. J. Virol. 1999, 73 (5): 4413–26. PMC 104222 . PMID 10196339. doi:10.1128/JVI.73.5.4413-4426.1999.

[9] Biere, Barbara; Bauer, Bettina; Schweiger, Brunhilde. Differentiation of Influenza B Virus Lineages Yamagata and Victoria by Real-Time PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2010-04-01, 48 (4): 1425–1427 [2021-01-06]. ISSN 0095-1137. PMID 20107085. doi:10.1128/JCM.02116-09. （原始内容存档于2021-04-15）（英语）.

[10] 季节性流感. 世界卫生组织. [2021-01-06]. （原始内容存档于2021-12-22）（中文）.

[11] Alhoufie, Sari T.; Alsharif, Naif H.; Alfarouk, Khalid O.; Ibrahim, Nadier A.; Kheyami, Ali M.; Aljifri, Alanoud A. COVID-19 with underdiagnosed influenza B and parainfluenza-2 co-infections in Saudi Arabia: Two case reports. Journal of Infection and Public Health. November 2021, 14 (11): 1567–1570. PMC 8442300 . PMID 34627054. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2021.09.005.

[12] Koutsakos, Marios; Wheatley, Adam K.; Laurie, Karen; Kent, Stephen J.; Rockman, Steve. Influenza lineage extinction during the COVID-19 pandemic?. Nature Reviews Microbiology. December 2021, 19 (12): 741–742. PMC 8477979 . PMID 34584246. doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00642-4.

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