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功能性滅絕

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功能性滅絕(英語:functional extinction)是指一個物種分類單元已達以下狀況:

  1. 化石記錄已消失,或是已經找不到其存在的證據;[1]
  2. 族群大小減少到無法於生態系中維持有意義的功能;[2][3][4]
  3. 族群大小已不再可持續,其中已經沒有個體可以進行繁殖,或者族群過小,近交衰退遗传漂变會不可避免地導致適應度降低。[5]

IUCN紅色名錄中,一個不再有最近觀察紀錄、已經功能性滅絕的物種,除非真的確定最後一隻個體已死亡,否則會被歸類為極危物種(critically endangered)。

近代功能性滅絕物種

奇蹄目

偶蹄目

鴷形目

真盲缺目

食肉目

龜鱉目

雁形目

鲱形目

  • Tenualosa reevesii-

鲤形目

  • Luciobrama macrocephalus-

参见

參考文獻

  1. ^ Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆 1999. Edited by R.D.E. MacPhee, Hans-Dieter Sues. page 202.
  2. ^ What is the link between biodiversity and ecosystem services?. Scientific Facts on Biodiversity. [2006-12-16]. (原始内容存档于2006-09-30). 
  3. ^ Säterberg, Torbjörn; Sellman, Stefan; Ebenman, Bo. High frequency of functional extinctions in ecological networks. Nature. 2013-07-25, 499 (7459): 468–470. Bibcode:2013Natur.499..468S. PMID 23831648. doi:10.1038/nature12277可免费查阅. 
  4. ^ Yoshida, Kate Shaw. Not yet gone, but effectively extinct. arstechnica. 2013-07-12 [2019-05-19]. (原始内容存档于2023-11-25). But there is another type, called “functional extinction,” which takes a more ecological approach. Some scientists argue that the threshold for extinction should not be the complete disappearance of a species, but instead the point at which there aren’t enough individuals left in that species to perform whatever roles it was playing in the ecosystem. 
  5. ^ Novak, Ben Jacob. De-Extinction. Genes. 2018-11-13, 9 (11). 548. PMC 6265789可免费查阅. PMID 30428542. doi:10.3390/genes9110548可免费查阅.