天蛾科

天蛾科
	小豆长喙天蛾（Macroglossum stellatarum）
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲：	昆虫纲 Insecta
目：	鱗翅目 Lepidoptera
亚目：	有喙亞目 Glossata
演化支：	Coelolepida
演化支：	肌旋喙類 Myoglossata
演化支：	新鱗翅類 Neolepidoptera
下目：	韁翅下目 Heteroneura
演化支：	真鱗翅類 Eulepidoptera
演化支：	真異脈類 Euheteroneura
演化支：	雙孔類 Ditrysia
派：	木蠹蛾派 Cossina
亚派：	蠶蛾亞派 Bombycina
总科：	蠶蛾總科 Bombycoidea
科：	天蛾科 Sphingidae; Samouelle，1819或 Latreille, 1802
模式種
	Sphinx ligustri; Linnaeus, 1758
亞科
	見內文
多样性
	200多個屬; 約1,450個品種[2]
異名
	Cocytiidae

天蛾科（学名：Sphingidae）是鱗翅目的一科，科名取自希腊语“Sphinx”，即希腊神话中的怪物“斯芬克斯”。天蛾科下轄200多個屬，約1,450個品種^[2]。本科物種大多數於熱帶生活，但其每一個地區都有其踪影^[3]。本科昆虫主要特征是前翅狭长，后翅呈短三角形，复眼大，胸部粗壮，腹部末端尖及呈流線型，触角端部细而弯曲^[1]。體型中等到大，所以可作快速及持續的飛行^[3]，最快可達每小時40到50公里^[4]^[5]。

分類

早期分類

在1903年，Rothschild and Jordan最先為天蛾科物種作科學化的分類，以物種有沒有感毛（microtrichia），把整個科分為感毛組與無感毛組兩大組，下設五亞科七大族^[4]，分別如下：

無感毛組（英语：Asemanophorae）^[6](Rothschild & Jordan, 1903) Janse, 1932
- 面形天蛾亞科（英语：Acherontiinae）^[7]：約40屬200種
- 雲紋天蛾亞科（英语：Ambulicinae）（Ambulicinae）^[7]
感毛組（英语：Semanophorae）^[6] Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
- 透翅天蛾亞科（英语：Sesiinae）^[7]
- 蜂形天蛾亞科（英语：Philampelinae）^[7]
- 斜紋天蛾亞科（英语：Choerocampinae）^[7]

現時分類

現時的分類把原來的無感毛組一分為二，成為了天蛾亞科和目天蛾亞科；而原來的感毛組成為現在的長喙天蛾亞科^[4]^[8]。

天蛾科以下的200多個屬，現時分作三個亞科，分別如下：

天蛾亞科（英语：Sphinginae）
- 面形天蛾族
- 天蛾族
目天蛾亞科（英语：Smerinthinae）^[9]
- 鷹翅天蛾族（Ambulycini）^[10]
- 目天蛾族（Smerinthini）^[9]
- 絨天蛾族（Sphingulini）^[11]
長喙天蛾亞科（英语：Macroglossinae (Lepidoptera)） Harris, 1839
- Dilophonotini族（英语：Dilophonotini）
- 長喙天蛾族（英语：Macroglossini）
- Philampelini族（英语：Philampelini）

属

Acanthosphinx Aurivillius, 1892
面形天蛾属 Acherontia Laspeyres, 1809
Acosmerycoides Mell, 1922
Acosmeryx Boisduval, 1874
Adhemarius Oiticica, 1939
Aellopos Hübner, 1819
Afroclanis Carcasson, 1968
Afrosataspes Basquin & Cadiou, 1986
Afrosphinx Carcasson, 1968
Agnosia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Agrius Hübner, 1819
Akbesia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Aleuron Boisduval, 1870
Altijuba Lachlan, 1999
Ambulyx Westwood, 1847
Amorpha Hübner, 1809
Ampeloeca Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Ampelophaga Bremer & Grey, 1853
Amphimoea Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Amphion Hübner, 1819
Amplypterus Hübner, 1819
Anambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Andriasa Walker, 1856
Angonyx Boisduval, 1874
Antinephele Holland, 1889
Apocalypsis Butler, 1876
Arctonotus Boisduval, 1852
Atemnora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Autogramma Oiticica, 1946
Avinoffia Clark, 1929
Baniwa Lichy, 1981
Barbourion Clark, 1934
Basiothia Walker, 1856
Batocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Bergmania Bryk, 1946
Berutana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Cadiouclanis Eitschberger, 2007
Callambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Callionima Lucas, 1857
Callosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1916
Calymnia Walker, 1856
Cautethia Grote, 1865
Cechenena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Cechetra
Celerio Oken, 1815
Centroctena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Cephonodes Hübner, 1819
Ceratomia Harris, 1839
Cerberonoton
Ceridia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Chaerocina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Chelacnema
Chloroclanis Carcasson, 1968
Cizara Walker, 1856
Clanidopsis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Clanis Hübner, 1819
Clarina Tutt, 1903
Cocytius Hübner, 1819
Coelonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Coenotes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Coequosa Walker, 1856
Compsogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Compsulyx Holloway, 1979
Craspedortha Mell, 1922
Cressonia Grote & Robinson, 1865
Cypa Walker, 1864
Cypoides Matsumura, 1921
Dahira Moore, 1888
Daphnis Hübner, 1819
Daphnusa Walker, 1856
Darapsa Walker, 1856
Dargeclanis Eitschberger, 2007
Degmaptera Hampson, 1896
Deidamia Clemens, 1859
Deilephila Laspeyres, 1809
Diludia Grote & Robinson, 1865
Dolba Walker, 1856
Dolbina Staudinger, 1887
Dolbogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Dovania Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Elibia Walker, 1856
Ellenbeckia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Enpinanga Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Enyo Hübner, 1819
Erinnis
Erinnyis Hübner, 1819
Euchloron Boisduval, 1875
Eumorpha Hübner, 1807
Eupanacra Cadiou & Holloway, 1989
Euproserpinus Grote & Robinson, 1865
Eupyrrhoglossum Grote, 1865
Euryglottis Boisduval, 1874
Eurypteryx Felder, 1874
Falcatula Carcasson, 1968
Gehlenia Bryk, 1944
Giganteopalpus Huwe, 1895
Gnathothlibus Wallengren, 1858
Grammodia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Grillotius Rougeot, 1973
Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching, 1990
Gurelca Kirby, 1880
Gynoeryx Carcasson, 1968
Gynoeryx Guenée, 1865
Haemaris Dalman, 1816
Hayesiana Fletcher, 1982
Hemaris Dalman, 1816
Hemeroplanes Hübner, 1819
Heppneriana
Himantoides Butler, 1877
Hippotion Hübner, 1819
Hopliocnema Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Hoplistopus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Hyles Hübner, 1819
松天蛾属 Hyloicus Hübner, 1819
Hypaedalea Butler, 1877
Hypaedalia Butler, 1877
Ihlegramma Eitschberger, 2003
Imber Moulds, Tuttle & Lane, 2010
Isognathus Felder & Felder, 1862
Isogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Isoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Kentrochrysalis Staudinger, 1887
Kloneus Skinner, 1923
Langia Moore, 1872
Laothoe Fabricius, 1807
Lapara Walker, 1856
Lepchina Oberthür, 1904
Leptoclanis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Leucomonia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Leucophlebia Westwood, 1847
Leucorhampha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Leucostrophus Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Likoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Litosphingia Jordan, 1920
Lomocyma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Lophostethus Butler, 1876
Lycosphingia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Maassenia Saalmüller, 1884
Macroglossum Scopoli, 1777
Macropoliana Carcasson, 1968
Madoryx Boisduval, 1875
Malgassoclanis Carcasson, 1968
Manduca Hübner, 1807
Marumba Moore, 1882
Megacorma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Meganoton Boisduval, 1874
Metamimas Butler, 1877
Micracosmeryx Mell, 1922
Microclanis Carcasson, 1968
Microsphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Mimas Hübner, 1819
Mioclanis Zhang, Sun & Zhang, 1994
Monarda Druce, 1896
Morwennius Cassidy, Allen & Harman, 2002
Nannoparce Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Neoclanis Carcasson, 1968
Neococytius Hodges, 1971
Neogene Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Neogurelca Hogenes & Treadaw, 1993
Neopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968
Nephele Hübner, 1819
Notonagemia
Nyceryx Boisduval, 1874
Oberthurion Clark, 1923
Odontosida Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Oligographa Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Opistoclanis Jordan, 1929
Oplerclanis Eitschberger, 2007
Orecta Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Oryba Walker, 1856
Oxyambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Pachygonidia Fletcher, 1982
Pachylia Walker, 1856
Pachylioides Hodges, 1971
Pachysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Panogena Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Pantophaea Jordan, 1946
Pantophaea Oiticica, 1946
Paonias Hübner, 1819
Paratrea Grote, 1903
Parum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Pentateucha Swinhoe, 1908
Pergesa Walker, 1856
Perigonia Herrich-Schäffer, 1854
Phanoxyla Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Philodila Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Pholus Hübner, 1819
Phryxus Hübner, 1819
Phyllosphingia Swinhoe, 1897
Phylloxiphia Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Pierreclanis Eitschberger, 2007
Platysphinx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Poliana Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Poliodes Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Polyptychopsis Carcasson, 1968
Polyptychus Hübner, 1819
Praedora Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Proserpinus Hübner, 1819
Protaleuron Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Protambulyx Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Protoparce Burmeister, 1855
Pseudandriasa Carcasson, 1968
Pseudenyo Holland, 1889
Pseudoangonyx Eitschberger, 2010
Pseudoclanis Rothschild, 1894
Pseudodolbina Rothschild, 1894
Pseudopolyptychus Carcasson, 1968
Pseudosphinx Burmeister, 1856
Psilogramma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Rethera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Rhadinopasa Druce, 1880
Rhadinopasa Karsch, 1891
Rhagastis Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Rhodafra Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Rhodambulyx Mell, 1939
Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Rhyncholaba Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Rothinjoa
Rufoclanis Carcasson, 1968
Sagenosoma Jordan, 1946
Sagenosoma Oiticica, 1946
Sataspes Moore, 1857
Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895
Smerinthus Latreille, 1802
Sphecodina Blanchard, 1840
Sphingidites Kernbach, 1967
Sphingonaepiopsis Wallengren, 1858
Sphingoneopsis Wallengren, 1858
Sphingulus Staudinger, 1887
天蛾属 Sphinx Linnaeus, 1758
Stolidoptera Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Synoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Syzygia Grote & Robinson, 1865
Temnora Walker, 1856
Temnoripais Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Tetrachroa Rothschild & Jordan, 1909
Thamnoecha Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Theretra Hübner, 1819
Thibetia Joicey & Kaye, 1917
Tinostoma Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Triptogon Ménétriés, 1857
Trogolegnum Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Unzela Walker, 1856
Viriclanis Aarvik, 1999
Xanthopan Rothschild & Jordan, 1903
Xenosphingia Jordan, 1920
Xylophanes Hübner, 1819
Zacria Haxaire & Melichar, 2003

参考资料

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 朱弘复王林瑶. 《中国动物志·昆虫纲（第十一卷）·鳞翅目·天蛾科》 (M) 1. 北京: 科学出版社. 1997. ISBN 7-03-005763-5.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 van Nieukerken; et al. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 3148: 212–221 [2013-03-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-10-13）.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Scoble, Malcolm J. The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity 2nd edition. London: 牛津大學出版社及自然史博物館. 1995. ISBN 0-19-854952-0 （英语）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Ento-UIS: TRIBE DILOPHONOTINI (FAMILY: Sphingidae). 2011-04-29 [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-10）（英语）.
^ Akkuzu, et al. 2008
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 司马进; 邓晓保. 西双版纳的常见天蛾种类. 《西部林业科学》. 1984年, 1984年 (02期) [2013-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（简体））.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 中国天蛾科分类名录. YELLOWMAN 昆虫视界. [2013-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-13）（中文（简体））.
^ Kawahara et al. 2009
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 孟玲; 李保平. 新疆天蛾科昆蟲區系組成 (PDF). 新疆大学学报 (自然科学版). 2002年5月, 19 (2): 234–238 [2013-03-15]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-10）（中文（简体））.
^ 日本鷹翅天蛾. 數位典藏與學習聯合目錄. [2013-03-15] （中文（繁體））.
^ 白星天蛾. 數位典藏與學習聯合目錄. [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（繁體））.

外部連結

維基物種上的相關信息：天蛾科
European Butterflies and Moths^{[永久失效連結]}
Sphingidae of the United States
Family Sphingidae at Lepidoptera.pro
Pictures
Australian Museum Fact Sheet - Hawk Moths（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
CATE-Sphingidae: a recently initiated project to produce a "one-stop shop" for Sphingidae taxonomy（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
CSIRO: Australian Moths Online - Sphingidae
ACG Sphingidae of Costa Rica images.
List of Sphingidae Types（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） (Museum Witt München).
Flickr（页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） Images, mosly excellent

[中国动物志-1] 1.0 ^1.1 朱弘复王林瑶. 《中国动物志·昆虫纲（第十一卷）·鳞翅目·天蛾科》 (M) 1. 北京: 科学出版社. 1997. ISBN 7-03-005763-5.

[diversity-2] 2.0 ^2.1 van Nieukerken; et al. Order Lepidoptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness (PDF). Zootaxa. 2011, 3148: 212–221 [2013-03-14]. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-10-13）.

[scoble-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Scoble, Malcolm J. The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity 2nd edition. London: 牛津大學出版社及自然史博物館. 1995. ISBN 0-19-854952-0 （英语）.

[entouis-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 Ento-UIS: TRIBE DILOPHONOTINI (FAMILY: Sphingidae). 2011-04-29 [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-10）（英语）.

[5] Akkuzu, et al. 2008

[cnki-6] 6.0 ^6.1 司马进; 邓晓保. 西双版纳的常见天蛾种类. 《西部林业科学》. 1984年, 1984年 (02期) [2013-03-14]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（简体））.

[yellowman-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 中国天蛾科分类名录. YELLOWMAN 昆虫视界. [2013-03-13]. （原始内容存档于2011-12-13）（中文（简体））.

[8] Kawahara et al. 2009

[xjdx-9] 9.0 ^9.1 孟玲; 李保平. 新疆天蛾科昆蟲區系組成 (PDF). 新疆大学学报 (自然科学版). 2002年5月, 19 (2): 234–238 [2013-03-15]. （原始内容 (PDF)存档于2013-06-10）（中文（简体））.

[digitalarchives_005b8e6f-10] 日本鷹翅天蛾. 數位典藏與學習聯合目錄. [2013-03-15] （中文（繁體））.

[digitalarchives_005b8e7c-11] 白星天蛾. 數位典藏與學習聯合目錄. [2013-03-15]. （原始内容存档于2016-03-04）（中文（繁體））.

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