蕾貝卡·所羅門 1851年作品《女家庭教师》(The Governess)
女家庭教师 (Governess)是西方一类受个人雇佣以教育儿童的职业,她们不会像保姆 一样为受教者的生活琐事操劳,而是为学龄儿童提供专门的教育[1] ,即所谓的3R(阅读、写作和算术,英语作reading、writing、arithmetic)[2] 。雇佣女家庭教师曾流行于西方上流社会中,这些家长不太倾向于将年幼的孩子送到寄宿学校 读书。但在孩子的年龄足够大时,他们仍会被送往学校,或者换男性的导师来辅导。
在现代社会,这一职业已经式微,但在一些皇室或极其富有的家庭中仍存在[3] [4] [5] 。
參見
参考文献
^ A Governess's Duties (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ), Outback House (Australian Broadcasting Corporation).
^ McDonald, James Joseph, and J. A. C. Chandler. Life in Old Virginia; A Description of Virginia More Particularly the Tidewater Section, Narrating Many Incidents Relating to the Manners and Customs of Old Virginia so Fast Disappearing As a Result of the War between the States, Together with Many Humorous Stories . Norfold, Va: Old Virginia Pub. Co. 1907: 241 .
^ Ellis, Phyllis. Desert Governess: An Inside View on the Saudi Arabian Royal Family . London: Eye Books. 2000. ISBN 1-903070-01-5 .
^ Harris, Julia: A career as a Governess? What skills do you need? , Australian Broadcasting Corporation , 15 October 2004.
^ Telegraph.co.uk (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ), The Telegraph , 15 March 2009.
扩展阅读
Brandon, Ruth: Other People's Daughters: The Lives And Times Of The Governess . 2008
Broughton, Trev and Ruth Symes: The Governess: An Anthology . Stroud: Sutton, 1997. ISBN 0-7509-1503-X
Budde, Gunilla: Als Erzieherinnen in Europa unterwegs: Gouvernanten, governesses und gouvernantes , EGO – European History Online (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ), Mainz: Institute of European History (页面存档备份 ,存于互联网档案馆 ), 2011, retrieved: 21 February 2013.
Hughes, Kathryn: The Victorian Governess , London: Hambledon, 1993. ISBN 1-85285-002-7
Peterson, M. Jeanne: "The Victorian Governess: Status Incongruence in Family and Society", in Suffer and Be Still: Women In the Victorian Age , ed. Martha Vicinus . Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1972.
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