犬亞族

犬亞族; 化石时期：墨西拿晚期至今 (距今七百萬年)
科学分类
界：	动物界 Animalia
门：	脊索动物门 Chordata
纲：	哺乳纲 Mammalia
目：	食肉目 Carnivora
科：	犬科 Canidae
亚科：	犬亚科 Caninae
族：	犬族 Canini
亚族：	犬亞族 Canina; 戈特黑尔夫·菲舍尔·冯·瓦尔德海姆, 1817
屬
	犬属 †異豺（英语：Xenocyon）; ; 豺; 胡狼屬; 非洲野犬屬; †薩丁尼亞豺（英语：Sardinian dhole）; †真犬屬; †恐狼屬;

犬亞族（英語：Canina）是犬族（英语：Canini）下的一个分类阶元，也食蟹狐亚族（英语：Cerdocyonina）的近親。这个群体的化石可以追溯到500万年前，然而它们可能在900万年前就已经存在了^[3]^:4。該亞族的成員被認為是與狼較為相近的犬科動物^[4] ^[5] ^[6]。

分類學

基於犬亞族的成员以39對排例的78条染色体核型，它可以與其他犬科動物杂交^[4]。

以下分支图基于發表於2005年的Lindblad-Toh et al的系统发育^[5]，並进行修改，以纳入最近关于犬屬動物的发现。^[7] ^[8]^{（p. S1）}。

犬亞科

	Canis rufus (紅狼)

	Canis lycaon (东加拿大狼)

Canis latrans (郊狼)

Canis lupus (灰狼)

Canis familiaris (家犬)

Canis lupaster (金狼)

Canis simensis (衣索比亞狼)

Canis aureus (亞洲胡狼)

Cuon alpinus (豺)

Lycaon pictus (非洲野犬)

	Lupulella adusta (側紋胡狼)

	Lupulella mesomelas (黑背胡狼)

	† Aenocyon dirus (恐狼)

參考文獻

^ Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, page 174
^ Fischer de Waldheim, G. Canina. Adversaria Zoological (Memoir Societe Naturelle (Moscow)). 1817, 5: 368–428. p372
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Tedford, Richard H; Wang, Xiaoming(paleontologist); Taylor, Beryl E. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae) (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2009, 325: 1–218 [2023-06-15]. S2CID 83594819. doi:10.1206/574.1. hdl:2246/5999. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-08）.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Wayne, Robert K. Molecular evolution of the dog family. Trends in Genetics. June 1993, 9 (6): 218–224 [2023-06-15]. PMID 8337763. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-x. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wade, Claire M.; Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Jaffe, David B.; Kamal, Michael; et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature. 2005, 438 (7069): 803–819. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..803L. PMID 16341006. doi:10.1038/nature04338.
^ Castelló, J.R. Ch.2 - Wolf-like Canids. Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives. Princeton University Press. 2018: 74. ISBN 978-0-691-18372-5.
^ Perri, Angela R.; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Mouton, Alice; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Haile, James; Jamieson, Alexandra; Meachen, Julie; Lin, Audrey T.; Schubert, Blaine W.; Ameen, Carly; Antipina, Ekaterina E.; Bover, Pere; Brace, Selina; Carmagnini, Alberto; Carøe, Christian; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Chatters, James C.; Dobney, Keith; Dos Reis, Mario; Evin, Allowen; Gaubert, Philippe; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Gower, Graham; Heiniger, Holly; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Kapp, Josh; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Linderholm, Anna; Ozga, Andrew T.; Presslee, Samantha; Salis, Alexander T.; Saremi, Nedda F.; Shew, Colin; Skerry, Katherine; Taranenko, Dmitry E.; Thompson, Mary; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.; Collins, Matthew J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Stone, Anne C.; Shapiro, Beth; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K.; Larson, Greger; Cooper, Alan; Frantz, Laurent A. F. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage. Nature. 2021, 591 (7848): 87–91 [2023-06-15]. PMID 33442059. S2CID 231604957. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）.
^ Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; et al. Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals are distinct species. Current Biology. 2015, 25 (16): 2158–2165. PMID 26234211. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060 .

[wang2008-1] Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Dogs: Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008, page 174

[Fischer1817-2] Fischer de Waldheim, G. Canina. Adversaria Zoological (Memoir Societe Naturelle (Moscow)). 1817, 5: 368–428. p372

[Tedford2009-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Tedford, Richard H; Wang, Xiaoming(paleontologist); Taylor, Beryl E. Phylogenetic Systematics of the North American Fossil Caninae (Carnivora: Canidae) (PDF). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 2009, 325: 1–218 [2023-06-15]. S2CID 83594819. doi:10.1206/574.1. hdl:2246/5999. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2020-05-08）.

[wayne1993-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Wayne, Robert K. Molecular evolution of the dog family. Trends in Genetics. June 1993, 9 (6): 218–224 [2023-06-15]. PMID 8337763. doi:10.1016/0168-9525(93)90122-x. （原始内容存档于2021-02-24）.

[LindbladToh2005-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Lindblad-Toh, Kerstin; Wade, Claire M.; Mikkelsen, Tarjei S.; Karlsson, Elinor K.; Jaffe, David B.; Kamal, Michael; et al. Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog. Nature. 2005, 438 (7069): 803–819. Bibcode:2005Natur.438..803L. PMID 16341006. doi:10.1038/nature04338.

[Castello2018-6] Castelló, J.R. Ch.2 - Wolf-like Canids. Canids of the World: Wolves, Wild Dogs, Foxes, Jackals, Coyotes, and Their Relatives. Princeton University Press. 2018: 74. ISBN 978-0-691-18372-5.

[Perri2021-7] Perri, Angela R.; Mitchell, Kieren J.; Mouton, Alice; Álvarez-Carretero, Sandra; Hulme-Beaman, Ardern; Haile, James; Jamieson, Alexandra; Meachen, Julie; Lin, Audrey T.; Schubert, Blaine W.; Ameen, Carly; Antipina, Ekaterina E.; Bover, Pere; Brace, Selina; Carmagnini, Alberto; Carøe, Christian; Samaniego Castruita, Jose A.; Chatters, James C.; Dobney, Keith; Dos Reis, Mario; Evin, Allowen; Gaubert, Philippe; Gopalakrishnan, Shyam; Gower, Graham; Heiniger, Holly; Helgen, Kristofer M.; Kapp, Josh; Kosintsev, Pavel A.; Linderholm, Anna; Ozga, Andrew T.; Presslee, Samantha; Salis, Alexander T.; Saremi, Nedda F.; Shew, Colin; Skerry, Katherine; Taranenko, Dmitry E.; Thompson, Mary; Sablin, Mikhail V.; Kuzmin, Yaroslav V.; Collins, Matthew J.; Sinding, Mikkel-Holger S.; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Stone, Anne C.; Shapiro, Beth; Van Valkenburgh, Blaire; Wayne, Robert K.; Larson, Greger; Cooper, Alan; Frantz, Laurent A. F. Dire wolves were the last of an ancient New World canid lineage. Nature. 2021, 591 (7848): 87–91 [2023-06-15]. PMID 33442059. S2CID 231604957. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03082-x. （原始内容存档于2022-12-31）.

[Koepfli2015-8] Koepfli, Klaus-Peter; Pollinger, John; Godinho, Raquel; Robinson, Jacqueline; Lea, Amanda; Hendricks, Sarah; et al. Genome-wide evidence reveals that African and Eurasian Golden Jackals are distinct species. Current Biology. 2015, 25 (16): 2158–2165. PMID 26234211. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.06.060 .

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