盖层

盖层（英語：caprock）是指位于石油储层之上能够封隔油气向上逸散的保护层。盖层的好坏直接影响石油储层中的聚集和保存^[1]。常见的盖层有泥岩、页岩、蒸发岩（石膏、盐岩）和質密灰岩。盖层之所以能封盖油层，是因为盖层具有较低滲透率和高的排替压力（英語：displacement pressure）^[2]。盖层空隙中多含水，油气要通过其运移，必须首先排替其中的水；如果驱使石油运移的浮力未达到进入盖层所需的排替压力值，则石油就被封闭于盖层之下，即所谓的毛细管封闭（英語：capillary seal）^[3]。

參見

石油儲層
毛细管封闭（英语：capillary seal）

參考文獻

^ Talal M. Al Bazali;Jianguo Zhang; Martin E. Chenevert;Mukul Mani Sharma（2005）. Measurement of the Sealing Capacity of Shale Caprocks.Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, October 2005.Paper Number: SPE-96100-MShttps://doi.org/10.2118/96100-MS
^ P.F.Boulin P.Bretonnier V.Vassil A.Samouillet M.Fleury J.M.Lombard（2013）. Sealing efficiency of caprocks: Experimental investigation of entry pressure measurement methods.Marine and Petroleum Geology Volume 48
^ N.Shojai Kaveh A.Barnhoorn K.H.Wolf（2016）Wettability evaluation of silty shale caprocks for CO2 storage.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 49

这是一篇與科学相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。

[”Bazali”-1] Talal M. Al Bazali;Jianguo Zhang; Martin E. Chenevert;Mukul Mani Sharma（2005）. Measurement of the Sealing Capacity of Shale Caprocks.Paper presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, Texas, October 2005.Paper Number: SPE-96100-MShttps://doi.org/10.2118/96100-MS

[”Boulin”-2] P.F.Boulin P.Bretonnier V.Vassil A.Samouillet M.Fleury J.M.Lombard（2013）. Sealing efficiency of caprocks: Experimental investigation of entry pressure measurement methods.Marine and Petroleum Geology Volume 48

[”Shojai”-3] N.Shojai Kaveh A.Barnhoorn K.H.Wolf（2016）Wettability evaluation of silty shale caprocks for CO2 storage.International Journal of Greenhouse Gas ControlVolume 49

[1]

[2]

[3]