神经干细胞

神经干细胞
	Neural progenitor cells (green) in the rat olfactory bulb
基本信息
系统	神经系统
标识字符
拉丁文	Cellula nervosa praecursoria
MeSH	D058953
TH	H2.00.01.0.00010
FMA	FMA:86684
	《显微解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of microanatomy）》 [在维基数据上编辑]

神经干细胞（英语：Neural stem cells (NSCs)）是一类存在于中枢神经系统中的干细胞，属于多能干细胞。神经干细胞在人、小鼠等生物的胚胎发育中扮演重要角色，亦存在于这些生物的成体中。这类细胞具有分化为神经元、星状细胞、寡突胶质细胞的能力。

胚胎发育过程中，神经干细胞称为“放射状胶质细胞”（Radial glial cell）。

位置

在成年哺乳动物的大脑中，有报告称海马体齿状回中含有神经干细胞。^[1]

性质

和其他干细胞一样，神经干细胞具有无限增殖的潜能，平时处于静息状态，分布于干细胞龛（niche）中，受刺激后才会增殖、分化。神经干细胞能分化为神经细胞和神经胶质细胞，更具体的说是能分化为神经元、星状细胞、寡突胶质细胞。研究表明，将小鼠的神经干细胞注射入免疫缺陷的裸鼠中枢神经系统内，这些神经干细胞可以增殖、迁移及分化^[2]^[3]。

小鼠的神经干细胞于1992年成功分离、建系^[4]，随后，又陆续建立了人等生物的神经干细胞系^[5]^[6]。

参见

参考

^ Andreotti, Julia P.; Silva, Walison N.; Costa, Alinne C.; Picoli, Caroline C.; Bitencourt, Flávia C.O.; Coimbra-Campos, Leda M.C.; Resende, Rodrigo R.; Magno, Luiz A.V.; Romano-Silva, Marco A. Neural stem cell niche heterogeneity. Seminars in cell & developmental biology. 2019-11, 95: 42–53 [2020-07-07]. ISSN 1084-9521. PMC 6710163 . PMID 30639325. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.005. （原始内容存档于2020-10-02）.
^ Clarke, D.; Johansson, C; Wilbertz, J; Veress, B; Nilsson, E; Karlstrom, H; Lendahl, U; Frisen, J. Generalized Potential of Adult Neural Stem Cells.. Science. 2000, 288 (5471): 1660–63. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1660C. PMID 10834848. doi:10.1126/science.288.5471.1660.
^ Gilbert, Scott F.; College, Swarthmore; Helsinki, the University of. Developmental biology Tenth edition. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. 2014. ISBN 978-0878939787.
^ Reynolds, B.; Weiss, S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science. 1992, 255 (5052): 1707–10. Bibcode:1992Sci...255.1707R. PMID 1553558. doi:10.1126/science.1553558.
^ Zigova, Tanja; Sanberg, Paul R.; Sanchez-Ramos, Juan Raymond (编). Neural stem cells: methods and protocols. Humana Press. 2002 [18 April 2010]. ISBN 978-0-89603-964-3. （原始内容存档于2014-07-08）. ^{[页码请求]}
^ Taupin, Philippe; Gage, Fred H. Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells of the central nervous system in mammals. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2002, 69 (6): 745–9. PMID 12205667. doi:10.1002/jnr.10378.

[1] Andreotti, Julia P.; Silva, Walison N.; Costa, Alinne C.; Picoli, Caroline C.; Bitencourt, Flávia C.O.; Coimbra-Campos, Leda M.C.; Resende, Rodrigo R.; Magno, Luiz A.V.; Romano-Silva, Marco A. Neural stem cell niche heterogeneity. Seminars in cell & developmental biology. 2019-11, 95: 42–53 [2020-07-07]. ISSN 1084-9521. PMC 6710163 . PMID 30639325. doi:10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.005. （原始内容存档于2020-10-02）.

[Clarke-2] Clarke, D.; Johansson, C; Wilbertz, J; Veress, B; Nilsson, E; Karlstrom, H; Lendahl, U; Frisen, J. Generalized Potential of Adult Neural Stem Cells.. Science. 2000, 288 (5471): 1660–63. Bibcode:2000Sci...288.1660C. PMID 10834848. doi:10.1126/science.288.5471.1660.

[Developmental_biology-3] Gilbert, Scott F.; College, Swarthmore; Helsinki, the University of. Developmental biology Tenth edition. Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer. 2014. ISBN 978-0878939787.

[Reynolds-4] Reynolds, B.; Weiss, S. Generation of neurons and astrocytes from isolated cells of the adult mammalian central nervous system. Science. 1992, 255 (5052): 1707–10. Bibcode:1992Sci...255.1707R. PMID 1553558. doi:10.1126/science.1553558.

[ZigovaSanberg2002-5] Zigova, Tanja; Sanberg, Paul R.; Sanchez-Ramos, Juan Raymond (编). Neural stem cells: methods and protocols. Humana Press. 2002 [18 April 2010]. ISBN 978-0-89603-964-3. （原始内容存档于2014-07-08）. ^{[页码请求]}

[6] Taupin, Philippe; Gage, Fred H. Adult neurogenesis and neural stem cells of the central nervous system in mammals. Journal of Neuroscience Research. 2002, 69 (6): 745–9. PMID 12205667. doi:10.1002/jnr.10378.

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