用户:Hung Ting/条目建立中-04
气室型叶斑(英文:air-space type leaf variegation)是一种因为叶片中气室反射光线而形成的叶斑,会使叶面出现白色或浅色的纹路,具有育种潜力,常见于粗肋草属、秋海棠属、报春苣苔属植物。
形态与类别
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/zh/thumb/5/5a/%E5%B0%96%E8%90%BC%E5%A0%B1%E6%98%A5%E8%8B%A3%E8%8B%94%E8%91%89%E6%96%91%E8%99%95%E8%91%89%E7%89%87%E6%A9%AB%E5%88%87%E9%9D%A2%2C_Chen_et_al.%2C_2022.png/220px-%E5%B0%96%E8%90%BC%E5%A0%B1%E6%98%A5%E8%8B%A3%E8%8B%94%E8%91%89%E6%96%91%E8%99%95%E8%91%89%E7%89%87%E6%A9%AB%E5%88%87%E9%9D%A2%2C_Chen_et_al.%2C_2022.png)
气室型叶斑是结构型叶斑的一种类别,依照纹路可分为鱼骨形(Fishbone-shaped)、斑块(Blotched)、V 字形(V-shaped)、点状(Spotted)以及羽状(Pinnate)五种类型[2]。形成原因系由于叶片上表皮之下或叶绿组织间存在气室。当光线穿透叶片并射入气室时,因为细胞质与空气之间存在着显著的折射率差异,导致光线部分反射,从而在叶片表面形成微观的白色光圈结构,在肉眼观察下则显现为白斑。[3]。粗肋草属[4]、秋海棠属[5]、报春苣苔属[1]的物种中都有发现此类型的叶斑。
生理生态功能
白色叶斑或浅色的叶斑通常被认为具有多种生理生态功能,包括保护色、伪装、拟态[6][7],或者是反射强烈光线以保护叶片光合作用系统[3]。中兴大学的研究团队对野生水鸭脚秋海棠进行调查。发现带有白斑的水鸭脚秋海棠比全绿色叶片的水鸭脚秋海棠更能避免被植食性动物啃食,而透过台湾负蝗模拟植食者取食行为的实验也同样支持了这一发现。证实白斑的叶面特征可能有助于降低植食者对叶片的损害。[8]
转录体分析
参考来源
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Chen, Jiancun; Li, Yueya; He, Dong; Bai, Meng; Li, Bo; Zhang, Qixiang; Luo, Le. Cytological, physiological and transcriptomic analysis of variegated Leaves in Primulina pungentisepala offspring. BMC Plant Biology. 2022, 22: 419. doi:10.1186/s12870-022-03808-1 (英语).
- ^ Zhang, Jian-Hang; Zeng, Jin-Chu; Wang, Xiao-Mei; Chen, Shui-Fei; Albach, Dirk C.; Li, Hong-Qing. A revised classification of leaf variegation types. Flora. 2020, 272: 151703. doi:10.1016/j.flora.2020.151703 (英语).
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Chiou-Rong Sheue; Shang-Horng Pao; Lee-Feng Chien; Peter Chesson; Ching-I Peng. Natural foliar variegation without costs? The case of Begonia. Annals of Botany. 2012, 109: 1065-1074. doi:10.1093/aob/mcs025 (英语).
- ^ Fooshee, W.C.; Herry, R.J. Chlorophyll leaves and anatomy of variegated and nonvarigated areas of Aglaonema nitudum leaves. Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society. 2022, 103: 170-172 (英语).
- ^ Zhang, Yang; Hayashi, Takahiro; Hosokawa, Munetaka; Yazawa, Susumu; Li, Yuhua. Metallic lustre and the optical mechanism generated from the leaf surface of Begonia rex Putz.. Scientia Horticulturae. 2009, 121: 213-217. doi:10.1016/j.scienta.2009.01.030 (英语).
- ^ Smith, Alan P. Ecology of a leaf color polymorphism in a tropical forest species: habitat segregation and herbivory. Oecologia. 1986, 69: 283-287. doi:10.1007/BF00377635 (英语).
- ^ Simcha Lev-Yadun. Müllerian and Batesian mimicry rings of whitevariegated aposematic spiny and thorny plants: A hypothesis. Israel Journal of Plant Sciences. 2009, 57: 107-116. doi:10.1560/IJPS.57.1-2.107 (英语).
- ^ 林宜宪. 具白斑與否之水鴨腳秋海棠葉特徵、生殖特性與被取食的比較探討 (硕士论文). 国立中兴大学生命科学系所. 2018 (中文(台湾)).