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下丘脑腹内侧核

维基百科，自由的百科全书
下视丘腹内侧核
腹内侧核位于图中的“VM”处
基本信息
属于下视丘
动脉脑底动脉（英语：Basilar artery）
标识字符
拉丁文nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami
MeSHD014697
NeuroNames（英语：NeuroNames）398
NeuroLex（英语：NeuroLex） IDbirnlex_1572
TA98A14.1.08.928
TA25729
FMAFMA:62332
《神经解剖学术语（英语：Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy）》

下视丘腹内侧核（ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus，缩写VMN ，或ventromedial hypothalamus，缩写VMH ）是下视丘的一个核团。 腹内侧核与饥饿感、恐惧感、体温调节和性向行为相关， [1]位于其中的饱食中枢促使人产生饱足感。

结构

腹内侧核细分为下列四个部分：

  • 前腹侧（VMHa）
  • 背内侧（VMHdm）：影响雄性发声和气味标记行为。 [2] [3]
  • 腹外侧（VMHvl）：包含许多不同功能的神经元群。 [4]该区域对女性的性兴奋行为（脊柱前凸）产生影响。[5] [6] [7] [8]对雌激素介导的运动[9]和能量消耗与产热也有影响。[10]
  • 中央（VMHc）

在解剖学、神经化学和行为科学领域有不同的细分方式。

功能

腹内侧核与饱足感（英语：satiety）相关。早期研究指出腹内侧核病变会导致实验鼠暴食，也会导致肥胖症。然而Gold的研究显示腹内侧核受损并不会影响到摄食量，推翻了早期实验的解释。[11]然而，多项研究显示突发性的暴食症及肥胖症是由腹内侧核的病变或注射普鲁卡因所引发，并可由此看出腹内侧核对饱足感的影响。[12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]

在2006年对于这个议题的主要审查得出以下结论：在Gold的研究前后都有相关的解剖学研究，但是对于病变的研究结果与Gold的研究结果不尽相同，期间所有发布的论文中皆比较了腹内侧核病变及视旁核（PVN）病变，并且表明腹内侧核病变的实验对象的进食量明显较多，使得体重比原先增加了两倍之多。[19]这也证实了腹内侧核是下视丘的饱食中枢。

研究也发现腹内侧核损伤会导致大鼠血浆中胰岛素的含量增加。与一般大鼠相比，腹内侧核病变的大鼠产生过多的循环饱腹感因子（瘦素），并无法对此作出反应，造成它们进食过度。[20]

研究人员分别观察了21只肥胖程度不同的大鼠，包括“生长外观”、“脂肪分布”、“身体状况”以及“肥胖程度”与下视丘病变之间的相关性。下视丘区域（尤其是腹内侧区域）的病变会阻断大量下视丘细胞群的下行神经纤维，从而导致大鼠肥胖。[21]

另一项研究发现下视丘腹内侧内的大麻素受体mRNA浓度似乎高过下视丘内其他细胞的。大麻素的摄入与“奖励机制”有关，也与大脑多巴胺的释放有关。[22]

腹内侧核对于哺乳动物的游戏行为来说也很重要，腹内侧核以及海马体、杏仁核、小脑和下视丘外侧（英语：Lateral hypothalamus）病变均与游戏减少相关。[23]

研究指出，腹内侧核双侧的果寡糖（FOS）表现与C57BL/6J小鼠氟乙基反复诱发癫痫的严重程度变化有关。[24][25] 此外，腹内侧核双侧的病变能够阻止癫痫放电传播进入脑干癫痫系统。[26]

手术

在西德，至少有70名男性在1962年至1979年间接受了腹内侧核手术。这些人当中多是因为有不正常的性行为（如：同性恋、性欲亢进、恋童癖等）而被强制接受手术。[27]

参考资料

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  18. ^ Maes H. Time course of feeding induced by pentobarbital-injections into the rat's VMH. Physiology & Behavior. June 1980, 24 (6): 1107–14. PMID 7413790. S2CID 43051882. doi:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90055-4. 
  19. ^ King BM. The rise, fall, and resurrection of the ventromedial hypothalamus in the regulation of feeding behavior and body weight. Physiology & Behavior. February 2006, 87 (2): 221–44. PMID 16412483. S2CID 40880350. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.10.007. 
  20. ^ Satoh N, Ogawa Y, Katsuura G, Tsuji T, Masuzaki H, Hiraoka J, Okazaki T, Tamaki M, Hayase M, Yoshimasa Y, Nishi S, Hosoda K, Nakao K. Pathophysiological significance of the obese gene product, leptin, in ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH)-lesioned rats: evidence for loss of its satiety effect in VMH-lesioned rats. Endocrinology. March 1997, 138 (3): 947–54. PMID 9048594. doi:10.1210/endo.138.3.4989 可免费查阅. 
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  27. ^ Rieber, Inge; Sigusch, Volkmar. Psychosurgery on sex offenders and sexual ?deviants? in West Germany. Archives of Sexual Behavior. 1979, 8 (6): 523–527. doi:10.1007/BF01541419. 

外部链接

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