小大角战役
小大角战役 | |||||||
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北美印第安战争的一部分 | |||||||
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参战方 | |||||||
苏族诸部落: |
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指挥官与领导者 | |||||||
坐牛 疯马 高尔 跛足 † 双月 |
乔治·A·卡斯特 † 马库斯·雷诺 弗雷德里克·本廷 迈尔斯·基奥 † 詹姆斯·卡尔霍恩 † | ||||||
兵力 | |||||||
~1500–2,500人 | ~647人(美军597人) | ||||||
伤亡与损失 | |||||||
~31–135人死亡 ~168人受伤 |
~268人死亡(包括美国原住民侦察兵6人) ~55人受伤(其中6人后来死亡) |
小大角战役(英语:Battle of the Little Bighorn)是北美印第安战争之一场战役,美国原住民苏族人在此役中全歼进攻的美军卡斯特部。
19世纪,美国淘金热风潮大起,大批白人拓荒者蜂拥至中西部淘金,却时常遭到当地苏族人袭击,在南北战争中闻名的第七骑兵团团长乔治·阿姆斯壮·卡斯特中校奉命进兵绥剿。
1876年6月25日,卡斯特自领两百馀骑兵,与马库斯·雷诺少校、弗雷德里克·本廷上尉分兵三路,进攻蒙大拿州黑山山谷。卡斯特的计画是俘虏原住民的妇女与小孩当成人质,迫使战士为不伤及家人而投降。不料雷诺与本廷遇阻,自行退却。卡斯特部孤军进攻,遭酋长“疯马”与萨满“坐牛”率领的二千名苏族勇士全歼。
酋长“疯马”因击溃名将,一战成名,但其后美军立刻大规模迫害苏族人,并且将大平原上的美洲野牛赶尽杀绝,断绝他们的食物来源。为了保全部落,在1877年的五月初,疯马等酋长在内布拉斯加州罗宾逊堡投降。其后于1877年九月被指称有越狱嫌疑,遭美军处死。萨满“坐牛”则流亡加拿大,后投降美军,获得特赦。不久后美国政府以印第安部落特殊宗教仪式“鬼舞”有叛乱嫌疑为理由,派遣警察拘捕,于1890年12月15日之枪战中身亡。
此战役曾被拍成电影《卡斯特将军》《马革裹尸》,也成为电脑游戏《世纪帝国III:群酋争霸》的战役“火焰及阴影”章节中的第二幕最终关卡(游戏中会支援玩家的可操控角色为疯马)。美国橄榄球员电影《攻其不备》亦曾提及。
延伸阅读
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