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操演性

维基百科,自由的百科全书

操演性(英语:Performativity),或译作表演性展演性,是指语言作为社会行为形式发挥作用、产生效果的术语。[1] 操演性,在人类学社会地理学文化地理学经济学性别研究法学语言学戏剧理论、表演研究、历史管理学哲学等不同领域有多种应用与定义。

术语,来自语言哲学家约翰·奥斯丁言语行为理论。奥斯丁提到了一种特别的能力:通过言语和交流,来采取行动,或达成某项行动。奥斯丁将其与陈述叙说(英语:constative utterance)区分开来,称为操演叙说(英语:performative utterance)。奥斯丁定义陈述叙说为可以“评估为真或假”的语句。而操演叙说[注 1]的常见例子,有:承诺、打赌、举行婚礼、示威者宣布罢工、或法官宣布裁决。 [1]

受奥斯汀影响,性别研究哲学家朱迪思·巴特勒认为,性别是通过日常的言语行为非语言行为在社会上构建的,有助于定义和维持身份[2] 这种性别操演性的观点颠覆了身份是言语、手势等次生行为的原因。相反,性别操演性将行动、行为和手势也视为是形成个人身份的原因,而不只是结果,而个人身份在不断通过言语行为和象征性交流中得到重新定义。[1] 巴特勒的此观点也受到了傅柯阿图塞等哲学家的影响。[3]

参考

  1. ^ 或翻作“践行叙说”、“展演叙说”等

注脚

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Cavanaugh, Jillian R. Performativity. Anthropology. 10 March 2015 [10 October 2017]. doi:10.1093/OBO/9780199766567-0114. (原始内容存档于2023-03-21). 
  2. ^ Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble. New York: Routledge. 1990. 
  3. ^ Cultural Studies and Discourse Analysis – Barker & Galasinski

延伸阅读

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