裂褶菌

裂褶菌
	查看产生下列表格的真菌学模板真菌形态特征
	子实层上有菌褶
	无明显蕈伞
	子实层连接方式无规律或无适当分类
	缺少蕈柄或裸露
	孢印白色
	异养腐生真菌或寄生真菌
	食用状况未知

裂褶菌
科学分类
界：	真菌界 Fungi
门：	担子菌门 Basidiomycota
纲：	伞菌纲 Agaricomycetes
目：	伞菌目 Agaricales
科：	裂褶菌科 Schizophyllaceae
属：	裂褶菌属 Schizophyllum
种：	裂褶菌 S. commune
二名法
	Schizophyllum commune; Fr. (1815)
异名
	Agaricus alneus L. (1755); Agaricus alneus Reichard (1780); Agaricus multifidus Batsch (1786); Apus alneus (L.) Gray (1821); Merulius alneus (L.) J.F.Gmel. (1792); Merulius alneus (Reichard) Schumach. (1803); Merulius communis (Fr.) Spirin & Zmitr. (2004); Schizophyllum alneum J.Schröt. (1889); Schizophyllum alneum (Reichard) Kuntze (1898); Schizophyllum commune var. multifidum (Batsch) Cooke (1892); Schizophyllum multifidum (Batsch) Fr. (1875) ;

裂褶菌（学名：Schizophyllum commune）是裂褶菌属的一种真菌，为该属的模式种，在世界各地均有分布^[1]，常生长于腐木上^[2]，可能是造成木材腐烂的一种木腐真菌^[3]。本种的蕈伞较小，直径为1—4公分，带有白色或灰色的小毛，呈叠状生长，不具有蕈柄^[4]；蕈褶外形为本种名称来源^[5]，自中央呈辐射状分割，颜色为白色至奶黄色，在干燥时会破裂。疏水蛋白（英语：Hydrophobin）最早即为自裂褶菌中分离^[6]。

裂褶菌可能为一复合种，包含许多分布范围较小、尚未被拆分出来的隐存种^[7]。本种的基因组已于2010年被完整定序^[8]。

裂褶菌可食与否尚具争议，因其体积过小且韧性太强，有学者认为其不适合食用^[9]。但墨西哥与马来西亚等热带地区常有食用本种的纪录，可能是因软质的真菌在炎热、潮湿的地方太易腐烂而难以贩售，因而当地更倾向食用裂褶菌等韧性强的蕈类^[3]^[10]。

裂褶菌也有感染人类肺部与鼻窦而致病的纪录^[11]^[4]。

参考文献

^ Kuo, M. Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom Expert. 2003 [18 February 2020].
^ Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am, Developments in Fungal Taxonomy, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jul 1999, 12 (3): 454–500, ISSN 0893-8512, PMC 100249 , PMID 10398676, doi:10.1128/CMR.12.3.454
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Takemoto, Shuhei; Nakamura, Hitoshi; Imamura, Yuji; Shimane, Takanori. Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ. 2010, 44 (4): 357–364. doi:10.6090/jarq.44.357.
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2012: 131–132. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
^ Mahajan, Monika. Etymologia: Schizophyllum commune. Emerg. Infect. Dis. March 2022, 28 (3): 725. PMC 8888233 . S2CID 247097577. doi:10.3201/eid2803.211051 . Citing public domain text from the CDC.
^ Wessels, Jgh.; De Vries, Omh.; Asgeirsdottir, S. A.; Schuren, Fhj. Hydrophobin Genes Involved in Formation of Aerial Hyphae and Fruit Bodies in Schizophyllum.. The Plant Cell. 1991-08-01, 3 (8): 793–799. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 160046 . PMID 12324614. doi:10.1105/tpc.3.8.793.
^ Taylor, John; Turner, Elizabeth; Townsend, Jeffrey; Dettman, Jeremy; Jacobson, David. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2006, 361 (1475): 1947–1963. PMC 1764934 . PMID 17062413. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1923.
^ Robin A Ohm; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E; et al, Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune, Nature Biotechnology, Jul 2010, 28 (9): 957–63, PMID 20622885, doi:10.1038/nbt.1643 
^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. 2006: 139. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
^ Ruán-Soto, F.; Garibay-Orijel, R.; Cifuentes, J. Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006, 2 (1): 3. PMC 1360659 . PMID 16393345. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-3 .
^ Chowdhary, A; Kathuria, S; Agarwal, K; Meis, JF. Recognizing filamentous basidiomycetes as agents of human disease: A review. Med Mycol. Nov 2014, 52 (8): 782–97. PMID 25202126. doi:10.1093/mmy/myu047 .

[1] Kuo, M. Schizophyllum commune. Mushroom Expert. 2003 [18 February 2020].

[2] Guarro, J; Genéj; Stchigel, Am, Developments in Fungal Taxonomy, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Jul 1999, 12 (3): 454–500, ISSN 0893-8512, PMC 100249 , PMID 10398676, doi:10.1128/CMR.12.3.454

[Takemoto-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Takemoto, Shuhei; Nakamura, Hitoshi; Imamura, Yuji; Shimane, Takanori. Schizophyllum commune as a Ubiquitous Plant Parasite. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly: JARQ. 2010, 44 (4): 357–364. doi:10.6090/jarq.44.357.

[:0-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2012: 131–132. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.

[5] Mahajan, Monika. Etymologia: Schizophyllum commune. Emerg. Infect. Dis. March 2022, 28 (3): 725. PMC 8888233 . S2CID 247097577. doi:10.3201/eid2803.211051 . Citing public domain text from the CDC.

[6] Wessels, Jgh.; De Vries, Omh.; Asgeirsdottir, S. A.; Schuren, Fhj. Hydrophobin Genes Involved in Formation of Aerial Hyphae and Fruit Bodies in Schizophyllum.. The Plant Cell. 1991-08-01, 3 (8): 793–799. ISSN 1040-4651. PMC 160046 . PMID 12324614. doi:10.1105/tpc.3.8.793.

[7] Taylor, John; Turner, Elizabeth; Townsend, Jeffrey; Dettman, Jeremy; Jacobson, David. Eukaryotic microbes, species recognition and the geographic limits of species: examples from the kingdom Fungi. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 2006, 361 (1475): 1947–1963. PMC 1764934 . PMID 17062413. doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1923.

[8] Robin A Ohm; De Jong, JF; Lugones, LG; Aerts, A; Kothe, E; Stajich, JE; De Vries, RP; Record, E; et al, Genome sequence of the model mushroom Schizophyllum commune, Nature Biotechnology, Jul 2010, 28 (9): 957–63, PMID 20622885, doi:10.1038/nbt.1643 

[Miller_2006-9] Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. 2006: 139. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.

[Ruan-Soto-10] Ruán-Soto, F.; Garibay-Orijel, R.; Cifuentes, J. Process and dynamics of traditional selling of wild edible mushrooms in tropical Mexico. Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 2006, 2 (1): 3. PMC 1360659 . PMID 16393345. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-2-3 .

[11] Chowdhary, A; Kathuria, S; Agarwal, K; Meis, JF. Recognizing filamentous basidiomycetes as agents of human disease: A review. Med Mycol. Nov 2014, 52 (8): 782–97. PMID 25202126. doi:10.1093/mmy/myu047 .

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