認知吝嗇者

在心理學中、人類思想被認為是一種認知的吝嗇者。無論智力如何，人們在思考問題和解決問題的時候，更傾向於使用更為簡單或省力的方式，而非更加深思熟慮。^[1] 就像吝嗇鬼總捨不得花錢一樣，人們在思考時總是避免那些需要算計的工夫。認知吝嗇者理論是一個總括性的認知理論，匯集以往的關於啟發式偏差和歸因偏差的研究，來解釋如何和為什麼人們是認知的吝嗇者.^[2]^[3]

參考文獻

^ Stanovich, Keith E. What intelligence tests miss: the psychology of rational thought. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2009: 70–85. ISBN 9780300123852. OCLC 216936066.
^ Fiske, Susan T.; Taylor, Shelley E. Social cognition 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1991 [1984]. ISBN 978-0070211919. OCLC 22810253.
^ Toplak, Maggie E.; West, Richard F.; Stanovich, Keith E. Assessing miserly information processing: an expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Thinking & Reasoning. April 2014, 20 (2): 147–168. doi:10.1080/13546783.2013.844729.

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[Stanovich2009-1] Stanovich, Keith E. What intelligence tests miss: the psychology of rational thought. New Haven: Yale University Press. 2009: 70–85. ISBN 9780300123852. OCLC 216936066.

[Fiske&Taylor1991-2] Fiske, Susan T.; Taylor, Shelley E. Social cognition 2nd. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1991 [1984]. ISBN 978-0070211919. OCLC 22810253.

[ToplakWestStanovich2014-3] Toplak, Maggie E.; West, Richard F.; Stanovich, Keith E. Assessing miserly information processing: an expansion of the Cognitive Reflection Test. Thinking & Reasoning. April 2014, 20 (2): 147–168. doi:10.1080/13546783.2013.844729.

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