一氫化硼
一氫化硼 | |
---|---|
![]() | |
IUPAC名 λ1-borane | |
識別 | |
CAS號 | 13766-26-2 ![]() |
PubChem | 6397184 11094539 58594784 |
ChemSpider | 4910333 |
SMILES |
|
InChI |
|
InChIKey | UWBOAQKPEXKXSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
Gmelin | 33 |
ChEBI | 38983 |
性質 | |
化學式 | HB |
摩爾質量 | 11.82 g·mol−1 |
熱力學[1] | |
ΔfHm⦵298K | 442.7 |
S⦵298K | 172 |
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。 |
一氫化硼,又稱硼烷(1)或甲硼烯,是一種不穩定的硼的氫化物,化學式 BH。
產生
一氫化硼可以由紫外線照射羰基甲硼烷而成。
- BH3CO → BH + CH2O[2]
當硼化合物在氫氣存在下被加熱到高溫時,就會形成一氫化硼。[3]
硼陰離子B− 和氫陽離子 H+反應也會形成一氫化硼。它也可以由硼原子和氫氣反應而成。
- B + H2 → BH + H
BH2 的反應能量太大,不穩定。[4]
一氫化硼可能存在於太陽黑子中,[5]不過直到 2008年仍未被檢測到。[6]
性質
一氫化硼的電離能為 9.77 eV。[7]在基態下,它的鍵解離能為 81.5 kcal/mol。[8]一氫化硼的電子親和能為 0.3 eV,形成 HB−離子。[9]
在基態下,一氫化硼的偶極矩是 1.27 德拜,第一激發態 A1Π 的一氫化硼則為 0.58 德拜。[10]
儘管 BH 是閉殼分子,但它是順磁性,這與溫度無關。[11]
反應
大量的一氫化硼並不穩定,在 20 托的氣壓下,會在 20 ns 的時間迅速消失。[12] 一氫化硼會和氧氣反應,產物可能是 HBO。[2]一氫化硼不和甲烷反應,但它會和丙烷反應,形成 C3H7BH2。它和一氧化氮反應,可能產生 HBO 和HBNO。一氫化硼會和雙鍵加成,也會和水反應。[2]
一氫化硼可以以聚一氫化硼固體的形式出現,它在空氣中會自燃。[13]
一氫化硼在50 GPa時,預測會形成空間群Ibam 的固體,在超過 168 GPa時,會形成空間群為 P6/mmm的金屬態。[14]
相關離子
一氫化硼陽離子和雙陽離子都是已知的。雙陽離子 HB2+ 可以由有兩個鍵的 σ配體框架支撐。[15]一氫化硼雙陰離子可以由胺穩定化。[16]
參考資料
- ^ GROMACS Molecule Database - boron-monohydride. virtualchemistry.org. [2021-07-10]. (原始內容存檔於2021-07-10).
- ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Garland, Nancy L.; Stanton, C. T.; Fleming, James W.; Baronavski, A. P.; Nelson, H. H. Boron monohydride reaction kinetics studied with a high-temperature reactor. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. June 1990, 94 (12): 4952–4956. doi:10.1021/j100375a036.
- ^ Abad, Carlos; Florek, Stefan; Becker-Ross, Helmut; Huang, Mao-Dong; Heinrich, Hans-Joachim; Recknagel, Sebastian; Vogl, Jochen; Jakubowski, Norbert; Panne, Ulrich. Determination of boron isotope ratios by high-resolution continuum source molecular absorption spectrometry using graphite furnace vaporizers. Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy. October 2017, 136: 116–122. Bibcode:2017AcSpe.136..116A. doi:10.1016/j.sab.2017.08.012.
- ^ Yang, Xuefeng; Dagdigian, Paul J. Chemiluminescence spectra and cross sections for the reaction of boron(4p 2P) with hydrogen and deuterium. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 1993, 97 (17): 4270–4276. ISSN 0022-3654. doi:10.1021/j100119a006 (英語).
- ^ Engvold, O. The diatomic molecules BH, BN, and BO in sunspots and the solar abundance of boron. Solar Physics. February 1970, 11 (2): 183–197. Bibcode:1970SoPh...11..183E. S2CID 119720128. doi:10.1007/BF00155219.
- ^ Karthikeyan, B; Bagare, S; Rajamanickam, N; Raja, V. On the search for BF, BH and BS molecular lines in sunspot spectra. Astroparticle Physics. February 2009, 31 (1): 6–12. Bibcode:2009APh....31....6K. doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.10.009.
- ^ Haynes, William M. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 93rd Edition. CRC Press. 2012: 10–200 [2021-07-10]. ISBN 9781439880494. (原始內容存檔於2021-07-10) (英語).
- ^ Bauschlicher, Charles W.; Langhoff, Stephen R.; Taylor, Peter R. On the dissociation energy of BH. The Journal of Chemical Physics. July 1990, 93 (1): 502–506. Bibcode:1990JChPh..93..502B. doi:10.1063/1.459550.
- ^ Reid, C.J. Electron affinities of BH, B2, BC and BN molecules determined using charge inversion spectrometry. International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes. August 1993, 127: 147–160. Bibcode:1993IJMSI.127..147R. doi:10.1016/0168-1176(93)87087-9.
- ^ Thomson, Ritchie; Dalby, F. W. An experimental determination of the dipole moments of the X ( 1 Σ) and A ( 1 Π) states of the BH molecule. Canadian Journal of Physics. June 1969, 47 (11): 1155–1158. Bibcode:1969CaJPh..47.1155T. doi:10.1139/p69-144.
- ^ Fowler, P.W.; Steiner, E. Paramagnetic closed-shell molecules: the isoelectronic series CH + , BH and BeH -. Molecular Physics. 20 December 1991, 74 (6): 1147–1158. Bibcode:1991MolPh..74.1147F. doi:10.1080/00268979100102871.
- ^ Bauer, S. H. Oxidation of B, BH, BH3, and BmHn Species: Thermochemistry and Kinetics. Chemical Reviews. January 1996, 96 (6): 1907–1916. PMID 11848815. doi:10.1021/cr941034q.
- ^ Urben, Peter. Bretherick's Handbook of Reactive Chemical Hazards. Elsevier. 2013: 71 [2021-07-10]. ISBN 9780080523408. (原始內容存檔於2021-07-10) (英語).
- ^ Hu, Chao-Hao; Oganov, Artem R.; Zhu, Qiang; Qian, Guang-Rui; Frapper, Gilles; Lyakhov, Andriy O.; Zhou, Huai-Ying. Pressure-Induced Stabilization and Insulator-Superconductor Transition of BH. Physical Review Letters. 19 April 2013, 110 (16): 165504. Bibcode:2013PhRvL.110p5504H. PMID 23679618. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.165504
.
- ^ Chen, Wen-Ching; Lee, Ching-Yu; Lin, Bo-Chao; Hsu, Yu-Chen; Shen, Jiun-Shian; Hsu, Chao-Ping; Yap, Glenn P. A.; Ong, Tiow-Gan. The Elusive Three-Coordinate Dicationic Hydrido Boron Complex. Journal of the American Chemical Society. 10 January 2014, 136 (3): 914–917. PMID 24383448. doi:10.1021/ja4120852.
- ^ Vargas-Baca, Ignacio; Findlater, Michael; Powell, Adam; Vasudevan, Kalyan V.; Cowley, Alan H. Boron di- and tri-cations. Dalton Transactions. 2008, (45): 6421–6. PMID 19002329. doi:10.1039/b810575h.
|