創業
此條目需要擴充。 (2018年9月1日) |
創業(英語:entrepreneurship)指開創新事業。近幾年最常見形式是開創新商業(俗稱創業公司)。儘管如此,這術語已被擴展到在社會和政治上的企業家活動。當企業家精神用來描述在公司或大型公司組織內部的活動[註 1],就稱「新創事業」(intrapreneurship)[1]。
根據全球企業家監測的企業家學者和創建者Paul Reynolds所述:「到目前,在美國所有工作的人在他們退休時,其中半數人可能有過一到多年自我僱傭的時段;四分之一人很可能從事於自我僱傭超過六年之久。在美國工人的職業規劃中,開創一份新事業是很司空見慣的。」[2]
國家/地區
中國
- 中國的新創企業統計中,大部分的新創事業度不過四年的風險期,據數據統計2017年度有150家新創企業倒閉。[3]
香港
開創新事業的常見方式分別有生意買賣及連鎖加盟,有部份香港人會透過生意轉讓顧問[4]及特許加盟顧問尋找創業意見。
註釋
- ^ 英文 enterprise 除可解作企業、公司,也有進取、冒險之意。
參考文獻
- ^ Scott Andrew Shane. A General Theory of Entrepreneurship: the Individual-Opportunity Nexus. Edward Elgar Publishing. 2003. ISBN 1843769964.
- ^ Paul D. Reynolds. Entrepreneurship in the United States: The Future Is Now. Springer. 2010. ISBN 1441942750.
- ^ [1] (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)新創企業難捱過4年圖╱本報資料照片 2017年10月15日 04:10 工商時報 賴瑩綺
- ^ 香港創業顧問服務有限公司 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館),2020年9月
參見
延伸讀物
維基教科書中的相關電子教學:Entrepreneurship
- Blackburn, Robert. Small Business and Entrepreneurship. 2008. ISBN 9781412934374. doi:10.4135/9781446263433.
- Bowman, Erik. Entrepreneur Training Manual, Third Edition: Certified Entrepreneur Workbook. Guanzi Institute Press. July 2011 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-9837862-9-0. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-22).
- Deakins, D.; Freel, M. S. Entrepreneurial activity, the economy and the importance of small firms. Entrepreneurship and small firms. McGraw-Hill Education. 2009 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-07-712162-4. (原始內容存檔於2022-01-20).
- Dana, Leo Paul 2010, "Nunavik, Arctic Quebec: Where Co-operatives Supplement Entrepreneurship," Global Business and Economics Review 12 (1/2), January 2010, pp. 42–71.
- Duening, Thomas N.; Hisrich, Robert A.; Lechter, Michael A. Technology Entrepreneurship: Creating, Capturing, and Protecting Value. Academic Press. 21 October 2009 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-08-092288-1. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-17).
- Entrepreneurship Resources: http://www.entrepreneurship.org/ (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Entrepreneurship Lesson Plan http://www.econedlink.org/teacher-lesson/228s (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Foo, M.D. Emotions and entrepreneurial opportunity evaluation. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2011, 35 (2): 375–393.
- James W. Halloran. Your Small Business Adventure: Finding Your Niche and Growing a Successful Business. ALA/Huron Street Press. 2014. ISBN 978-1-937589-44-8.
- Leitão, João; Baptista, Rui. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship: A European Perspective. Springer Science Business Media. 10 June 2009 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-1-4419-0249-8. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-29).
- Lundstrom, Anders; Stevenson, Lois A. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice. Springer. 30 March 2005 [2022-08-18]. ISBN 978-0-387-24140-1. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-17).
- Minniti, M.; Moren, L. Entrepreneurial types and economic growth. Journal of Business Venturing. 2010, 25 (3): 305–314 [2016-10-23]. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.002. (原始內容存檔於2020-11-07).
- Shane, S.; Venkataraman, S. The Promise of Entrepreneurship as A Field of Research. Academy of Management Review. 2000, 25 (1): 217–226. JSTOR 259271. doi:10.5465/amr.2000.2791611.
- Shane, S. The genetics of entrepreneurial performance. International Small Business Journal. 2013, 31 (5): 473–495. doi:10.1177/0266242613485767.
- Sobel, Russell S. Entrepreneurship. David R. Henderson (ed.) (編). Concise Encyclopedia of Economics 2nd. Indianapolis: Library of Economics and Liberty. 2008 [2016-10-23]. ISBN 978-0-86597-665-8. OCLC 237794267. (原始內容存檔於2020-12-05).
- Swedberg, Richard. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View. Stockholm University. 1998 [2022-08-18]. (原始內容存檔於2020-09-17).
- Zahra, Shaker A. A typology of social entrepreneurs: Motives, search processes and ethical challenges. Journal of Business Venturing. 2009, 24 (5): 519–532. doi:10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.04.007.
- Zhang, S.X.; Cueto, J. The Study of Bias in Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 2015: n/a [2016-10-23]. doi:10.1111/etap.12212. (原始內容存檔於2015-12-08).
- Tony Bailetti. Technology Entrepreneurship: Overview, Definition, and Distinctive Aspects. Technology Innovation Management Review. February 2012 [23 December 2012]. (原始內容存檔於2020-10-20) (英語).
- Dr Thomas N. Duening, Robert D. Hisrich, Michael A Lechter, Esq. Technology Entrepreneurship: Value Creation, Protection, and Capture. Academic Press. 2009. ISBN 0123745020 (英語).
- Jessica Livingston. Founders at Work: Stories of Startups' Early Days. Apress. 2007. ISBN 1590597141 (英語).
- Anders Lundstrom, Lois A. Stevenson. Entrepreneurship Policy: Theory and Practice. Springer. 2005. ISBN 038724140X (英語).
- Richard Swedberg. Entrepreneurship: The Social Science View. Oxford University Press. 2000. ISBN 019829462X (英語).
- João Leitão, Rui Baptista. Public Policies for Fostering Entrepreneurship. Springer. 2009. ISBN 978-1-4419-0248-1 (英語).
外部連結
- 開創新事業 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) - 美國國家稅務局 (英文)
- The Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation 創業基金 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)(英文)
- Entrepreneurship.gov(英文)
- 杜克大學創業101視頻系列 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)(英文)
- 史丹福大學的哦創業角2000個視頻和視聽資料 (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)(英文)