耳螺科
耳螺科![]() | |
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A live but retracted individual of Laemodonta siamensis on a human hand. A partially torn epiphragm of dried mucus is visible in the aperture of the shell | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
綱: | 腹足綱 Gastropoda |
目: | 耳螺目 Ellobiida |
總科: | 耳螺總科 Ellobioidea Pfeiffer, 1854 |
科: | 耳螺科 Ellobiidae Pfeiffer, 1854 |
多樣性[1] | |
約有250個有效物種 | |
異名[2] | |
Melampidae Stimpson, 1851 |
![](http://images.weserv.nl/?url=//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Ellobium_pyramidale-2.jpg/220px-Ellobium_pyramidale-2.jpg)
耳螺科(學名:Ellobiidae),亦作耳蝸牛科[3],是腹足綱耳螺總科(學名:Ellobioidea)之下的一個科[4]。耳螺科物種體型細小,皆可呼吸空氣。舊屬原始有肺目或基眼目的松螺總科[5][6],之後耳螺科改屬耳螺總科[7]:6。2005年《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,整個耳螺總科仍被歸到基眼類非正式群組[4]。在2017年《布歇特等人的腹足類分類》,耳螺科聯同另外兩個科共同組成耳螺目[8]。
型態描述
本科物種螺殻的一大特徵,除了其耳狀的螺殻外,還有其鋸齒狀的殻口[9]。
分佈及棲息地
本科物種遍佈全世界,但仍主要集中於印度洋-西太平洋海域[9]。部分物種嗜鹽,常棲息在河口半淡鹹水域[10]或紅樹林的高潮區、鹽沼地等範圍[9]。儘管本科物種可呼吸空氣,而事實上在熱帶亦有部分物種可完全營陸生,但其餘物種仍不時要返回海水裏[9],所以WoRMS指本科物種的棲息環境同時包括海洋、鹹淡水交界及陸生[2]。
系統分類
屬
截至2018年8月28日[update],WoRMS紀錄本科包括以下各個亞科與屬[2]:
- 罌粟蝸牛亞科 Carychiinae Jeffreys, 1830,果瓣螺亞科
- 小罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychiella Strauch, 1977
- † Carychiopsis Sandberger, 1872
- 罌粟蝸牛屬 Carychium O.F. Müller, 1773,異名:Auricella Jurine, 1817, Auriculina Moquin-Tandon, 1856和Saraphia Risso, 1826,果瓣螺屬
- Koreozospeum Jochum & Prozorova, 2015
- † Protocarychium Pan, 1982
- Zospeum Bourguignat, 1856,異名:Speozoum Hamann, 1896
- 耳螺亞科 Ellobiinae L. Pfeiffer, 1854 (1822)
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886,異名: Leuconia Gray, 1840和Leucopepla Peile, 1926
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- 耳螺屬 Ellobium Röding, 1798,異名:AuriculaLamarck, 1799, AuriculinaKobelt, 1898, Auriculodes Strand, 1928,Auriculus Montfort, 1810, Autonoe Guppy, 1868,Autonoella Wenz, 1947, Geovula Swainson, 1840
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949
- † Stolidomopsis Sandberger, 1875
- 尖耳螺亞科 Melampinae Stimpson, 1851 (1850)
- Detracia Gray, 1840
- 尖耳螺屬 Melampus Montfort, 1810:嗜鹽。,異名Conovulus Lamarck, 1816, Pira H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855,Tifata H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 異耳螺屬 Allochroa Ancey, 1887:嗜鹽。
- 金耳螺屬 Auriculastra Martens, 1880:嗜鹽。異名:Cylindrotis Möllendorff, 1895
- 冠耳螺屬 Cassidula Férussac, 1821:又名鼬耳螺屬,嗜鹽。異名:Cassidulella !Thiele, 1934, Cassidulina Thiele, 1931, Rhodostoma Swainson, 1840
- 肋耳螺屬 Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Myosotella Monterosato, 1906:嗜鹽。
- 皺耳螺屬 Ophicardelus Beck, 1838:嗜鹽。
- Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- 女教士螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798:嗜鹽。
- 異名:
» Genus Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Alexia Stephens, 1833 [Coleoptera]; Nealexia is a replacement name) » Genus Jaminia T. Brown, 1827 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Kochia Pallary, 1900 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 (Invalid: junior homonym of Kochia Frech, 1891 [Bivalvia]) » Genus Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Melosidula B.J. Smith & Kershaw, 1979 accepted as Cassidula (Cassidula) Férussac, 1821 represented as Cassidula Férussac, 1821 » Genus Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 accepted as Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832 » Genus Nealexia Wenz, 1920 accepted as Myosotella Monterosato, 1906 » Genus Phytia accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798 (Incorrect subsequent spelling) » Genus Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854 accepted as Laemodonta (Laemodonta) Philippi, 1846 represented as Laemodonta Philippi, 1846 » Genus Scarabus Montfort, 1810 accepted as Pythia Röding, 1798
- 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798:扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
- 花豹耳螺 Pythia pantherina (A. Adams)[12]
- 厚皮耳螺 Pythia pachyodon Pilsbry et Hirase[12]
- 扁耳螺屬 Pythia Röding, 1798:扁耳螺亞科的模式屬。
- subfamily Zaptychiinae †
- Zaptychius Walcott, 1883 † :本亞科的模式屬。
- 亞科地位未定
- Genus Juramarinula Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Leopoldium Bandel & Riedel, 1994 †
- Genus Melampoides Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Mesauriculstra Yen, 1952 †
- Genus Mesochilina Yen, 1951 †
- Genus Palaeoleuca Wenz, 1922 †
- Genus Proauriculastra Bandel, 1991 †
- Genus Pythiopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
- Genus Rhytophorus Meek, 1871 †
- Genus Semiauricula Cossmann, 1889 †
- Genus Stolidoma Deshayes, 1863 †
- Genus Tortacella White, 1895 †
- Genus Traliopsis F. Sandberger, 1870 †
subfamily ?
- Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Auriculodes Strand, 1928
- Blauneria Shuttleworth, 1854
- Creedonia Martins, 1996
- Detracia Gray in Turton, 1840
- Leuconopsis Hutton, 1884
- Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- 微耳螺屬 Microtralia Dall, 1894:嗜鹽。
- Ophicardelus Beck, 1838
- Ovatella Bivona, 1832
- Pleuroloba Hyman, Rouse & Ponder, 2005
- Pseudomelampus Pallary, 1900
- Tralia Gray, 1840
- 異名:
- Alexia Leach in Gray, 1847: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Auricula Lamarck, 1799: synonym of Ellobium Röding, 1798
- Cremnobates Swainson, 1855: synonym of Marinula King & Broderip, 1832
- Jaminia T. Brown, 1827: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Kochia Pallary, 1900: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Laimodonta H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Leuconia Gray, 1840: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucopepla Peile, 1926: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Leucophytia Winckworth, 1949: synonym of Auriculinella Tausch, 1886
- Monica H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Ovatella Bivona-Bernardi, 1832
- Nealexia Wenz, 1920: synonym of Myosotella Monterosato, 1906
- Phytia: synonym of Pythia Röding, 1798
- Pira H. & A. Adams, 1855: synonym of Melampus Montfort, 1810
- Plecotrema H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: synonym of Laemodonta Philippi, 1846
- Rangitotoa Powell, 1933: synonym of Microtralia Dall, 1894
- Taxonomic note
Genus Sarnia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 (temporary name, Sarnia [H. & A. Adams, 1855 (September), The Genera of Recent Mollusca, 2: 239] is an incorrect subsequent spelling of Siona H. Adams & A. Adams, 1855 which is a junior homonym of Siona Duponchel, 1829 [Lepidoptera].)
參考文獻
This article incorporates CC-BY-2.0 text from the reference[1]
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標籤中name屬性為「TaiBIF」的參考文獻沒有在文中使用