蚌科
蚌科![]() | |
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The shell of a duck mussel, Anodonta anatina | |
科學分類 ![]() | |
界: | 動物界 Animalia |
門: | 軟體動物門 Mollusca |
綱: | 雙殼綱 Bivalvia |
目: | 蚌目 Unionida |
科: | 蚌科 Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820[1] |
屬 | |
蚌科(學名:Unionidae),又名石蛤科或珠蚌科,是軟體動物門雙殼綱古異齒類一個淡水生的物種分支,也是現時蚌目之內最大的一個科[1][2],蚌總科之下四個科之一[3]。受生長地帶所限,本科物種的分佈往往受地緣因素限制。
分類
由於淡水蚌類存在趨同演化現象,致使依靠物種間的型態特徵的分類存在許多爭議[4]。
亞科
在華文文獻,本科被劃分為三個亞科,分別如下[5]:
- 珠蚌亞科:包括有珠蚌屬、楔蚌屬、裂脊蚌屬、尖麗蚌屬、矛蚌屬、尖嵴蚌屬,例如魚尾楔蚌、圓頂珠蚌、短褶矛蚌、中國尖嵴蚌等。
- 無齒蚌亞科:過往只有無齒蚌屬,例如:橢圓背角無齒蚌[5],但現時這個屬已分出了多個新的屬。
- 小方蚌亞科:包括有蟶蚌屬、帆蚌屬和麗蚌屬,例如洞穴麗蚌、三角帆蚌
而根據ITIS在2014年的數據[6],蚌科物種可分為下列六個亞科,以及一個有八個屬的科地位未定群組:
- 小方蚌亞科(Ambleminae) Rafinesque, 1820:但只限北美洲物種;其他東亞物種撥至隆嵴蚌亞科。
- 隆嵴蚌亞科(Gonideinae) Ortmann, 1916
- Modellnaiinae亞科 Brandt, 1974
- 雕刻蚌亞科(Parreysiinae) Henderson, 1935
- Rectidentinae亞科 Modell, 1942
- 珠蚌亞科(Unioninae) Rafinesque, 1820:只包括13個屬。
另外還有其他文獻將東亞及東南亞的蚌科物種分為Pseudodontinae、Rectidentinae 及 Parreysiinae這三個亞科[7]。
屬
蚌科在全球有142屬600多種[5]。 以下為按地域分佈而分類的所有本科的屬:
- 遍佈各地
- 只在非洲
- 只在中美洲與墨西哥
- Arotonaias
- Barynaias
- Cyrtonaias
- Delphinonaias
- Disconaias
- Friersonia
- Martensnaias
- Micronaias
- Nephritica
- Nephronaias
- Pachynaias
- Popenaias
- Psoronaias
- Psorula
- Reticulatus
- Sphenonaias
- 只在東亞
- 尖麗蚌屬 Aculamprotula
- 尖嵴蚌屬 Acuticosta
- 船蚌屬 Anemina
- 扭蚌屬 Arconaia
- Caudiculatus
- 室蚌屬 Chamberlainia
- Contradens
- 冠蚌屬 Cristaria
- Ctenodesma
- 楔蚌屬 Cuneopsis
- Discomya
- Elongaria
- Ensidens
- Harmandia
- 帆蚌屬 Hyriopsis
- 倒齒蚌屬 Inversidens
- Inversiunio
- 麗蚌屬 Lamprotula
- 矛蚌屬 Lanceolaria Conrad, 1853
- 萊昂雕刻蚌屬 Leoparreysia Vikhrev, Bolotov & Aksenova, 2017
- 鱗皮蚌屬 Lepidodesma
- Modellnaia
- Modellnaia siamensis Brandt, 1974
- Namkongnaia
- 結節蚌屬 Nodularia Mertens ex Bornet & Flahault, 1886
- Oxynaia F.Haas, 1913,為Nodularia Conrad, 1853的異名
- Physunio C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Physunio aequilatus Tolstikova, 1975
- Physunio chitwanensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Physunio laeviusculus Tolstikova, 1976
- Physunio massini (Morelet, 1864)
- Physunio modelli Brandt, 1974
- Physunio pakistanus Modell, 1969
- Physunio pellucidus J.M.Pfeiffer, D.L.Graf, K.S.Cummings & L.M.Page, 2021
- Physunio (Physunio) superbus (I.Lea, 1843)
- Physunio velaris Sowerby, 1868
- Physunio zayssanensis (Martinson & Tolstikova, 1969)
- Pilsbryoconcha
- Pressidens
- Prohyriopsis
- Pronodularia
- Protunio
- 假柏夫蚌屬 Pseudobaphia
- 擬齒蚌屬 Pseudodon
- 尖鋤蚌屬 Ptychorhynchus Simpson, 1900
- Rectidens
- 菱形蚌屬 Rhombuniopsis F.Haas, 1920
- 糙蚌屬 Scabies [9]
- Schepmania
- 裂脊蚌屬 Schistodesmus Simpson, 1900
- Simpsonella
- 中華無齒蚌屬 Sinanodonta Modell, 1945
- 蟶蚌屬 Solenaia
- Unionetta
- 只在歐洲
- Microcondylaea
- 擬無齒蚌屬 Pseudanodonta
- 只在印度次大陸
- Arcidopsis
- Assamnaia Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao[10]
- Lamellidens C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Lamellidens alcobacensis (Choffat, 1885)
- Lamellidens arungensis Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995
- Lamellidens brandti Bolotov, Konopleva et Vikhrev, 2017 [11]
- Lamellidens candaharicus (T.Hutton, 1849)
- Lamellidens carteri (Hislop, 1860)
- Lamellidens chindwinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Lamellidens corrianus (I.Lea, 1834)
- Lamellidens deccanensis (J.de C.Sowerby, 1840)
- Lamellidens ferrugineus (Annandale, 1918)
- Lamellidens friersoni (C.T.Simpson, 1914)
- Lamellidens generosus (A.Gould, 1847)
- Lamellidens jammuensis Prashad, 1928
- Lamellidens jenkinsianus (W.H.Benson, 1862)
- Lamellidens lamellatus (I.Lea, 1838)
- Lamellidens lewisi H.E.Vokes, 1935
- Lamellidens mainwaringi Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Lamellidens narainpirensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens nongyangensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens phenchooganjensis Preston, 1912
- Lamellidens proctori Prashad, 1930
- Lamellidens quadratus Annandale, 1924
- Lamellidens savadiensis (G.Nevill, 1877)
- Lamellidens unioides Nesemann & G.Sharma, 2007
- Lamellidens vredenburgi Prashad, 1921
- Parreysia
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti and Subba Rao
- Pseudoscabies Bolotov, Sonowal, Kardong, Pasupuleti & Subba Rao, 2024[10]
- Radiatula C.T.Simpson, 1900
- Radiatula chaudhurii (Preston, 1912)
- Radiatula chindwinensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula crispisulcata (W.H.Benson, 1862)
- Radiatula humilis (I.Lea, 1856)
- Radiatula jimuriensis (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Radiatula kachinensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Radiatula kohlii (Sahni & Bhatnagar, 1957)
- Radiatula mouhoti Vikhrev, Bolotov & Konopleva, 2017[11]
- Radiatula myitkyinae (Prashad, 1930)
- Radiatula myitthanensis Bolotov et al., 2019
- Radiatula pilata (I.Lea, 1866)
- Radiatula tenella (Takayasu, Gurung & Matsuoka, 1995)
- Trapezoideus
- 只在中東
- 只在新畿內亞
- 只在北美洲
- Actinonaias
- Alasmidonta
- Amblema
- Anodontoides
- Arcidens
- Cyclonaias
- 強膨蚌屬 Cyprogenia
- 走蚌屬 Dromus
- Ellipsaria
- Elliptio
- Elliptoideus
- Epioblasma
- 水蚌屬 Fusconaia
- Glebula
- Gonidea
- Hamiota
- Hemistena
- 美麗蚌屬 Lampsilis
- Lasmigona
- Lemiox
- Leptodea
- Lexingtonia
- Ligumia
- Medionidus
- Megalonaias
- Obliquaria
- Obovaria
- Pegias
- Plectomerus
- Plethobasus
- 側底蚌屬 Pleurobema
- Pleuronaia Frierson, 1927
- Pleuronaia barnesiana (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia dolabelloides (I.Lea, 1840)
- Pleuronaia gibber (I.Lea, 1838)
- Pleuronaia neomexicana (Stanton, 1916)
- 翼蚌屬 Potamilus Rafinesque, 1818
- Ptychobranchus
- Pyganodon
- Pyganodon cataracta (Say, 1817)
- Pyganodon fragilis (Lamarck, 1819)
- Pyganodon gibbosa (Say, 1824)
- Pyganodon grandis (Say, 1829)
- Pyganodon lacustris (I.Lea, 1857)
- 方蚌屬 Quadrula
- Quincuncina
- Simpsonaias
- Strophitus
- Toxolasma
- Truncilla
- Uniomerus
- Utterbackia
- Venustaconcha
- Villosa
- 未定:
- Trapezidens Bolotov, Vikhrev & Konopleva, 2017
- Trapezidens angustior (Hanley & Theobald, 1876)
- Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)
- Trapezidens exolescens (A.Gould, 1843)
- Trapezidens mogaungensis Bolotov, Konopleva, Nyein Chan, Zau Lunn, Kondakov & Vikhrev, 2022
- Trapezidens obesa (Hanley & Theobald, 1876),為Trapezidens dolichorhynchus (Tapparone Canefri, 1889)的異名
- Trapezidens obesa feae Kondakov, Konopleva et Vikhrev, 2017
- Trapezidens scutum (G.B.Sowerby II, 1868)
- Trapezidens yeti Konopleva, Bolotov, Kondakov, Kononov, Gofarov, Tomilova, Lunn, Chan, Win & Vikhrev, 2020
參考文獻
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Unionidae Rafinesque, 1820. WoRMS. [2015-04-05].
- ^ Huber, Markus. Compendium of Bivalves. A Full-color Guide to 3'300 of the World's Marine Bivalves. A Status on Bivalvia after 250 Years of Research. Hackenheim: ConchBooks. 2010: 901 pp. + CD. ISBN 978-3-939767-28-2.
- ^ Unionoidea Rafinesque, 1820. WoRMS. [2015-04-05].
- ^ 魏開建. 中国蚌科的遗传多样性与系统发育的研究. 2004 [2017-10-06]. (原始內容存檔於2017-10-06) (中文(簡體)).
- ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 歐陽解秀. 中国蚌科动物的分子系统进化及遗传多样性研究. 南昌大學博士論文 (南昌大學). [2017-07-20]. (原始內容存檔於2017-02-02) (中文(簡體)).
- ^ Unionidae. ITIS. 2014 [2014].
- ^ Ivan N. Bolotov,; Ilya V. Vikhrev; Alexander V. Kondakov; Ekaterina S. Konopleva; Mikhail Yu. Gofarov; Olga V. Aksenova; Sakboworn Tumpeesuwan. New taxa of freshwater mussels (Unionidae) from a species-rich but overlooked evolutionary hotspot in Southeast Asia. Sci Rep. 2017-09-14,. 2017; 7: 11573. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-11957-9. PMC5599626.
- ^ 8.0 8.1 Ekgachai Jeratthitikul, Chirasak Sutcharit, Peng Bun Ngor and Pongpun Prasankok. 2021. Molecular Phylogeny reveals A New Genus of Freshwater Mussels from the Mekong River Basin (Bivalvia: Unionidae). European Journal of Taxonomy. 775(1), 119-142. DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.775.1553
- ^ 中国糙蚌属二新种(瓣鳃纲:蚌科). 《動物分類學報》. 1991年, (03期).
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Ivan N. Bolotov, Jyotish Sonowal, Devid Kardong, Rajeev Pasupuleti, Nalluri V. Subba Rao, Suresh Kumar Unnikrishnan, Mikhail Y. Gofarov, Alexander V. Kondakov, Ekaterina S. Konopleva, Artem A. Lyubas and Ilya V. Vikhrev. 2024. Discovery of an Endemism Hotspot of Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in Assam, with A Description of Two New Genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. zlae052. DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlae052
- ^ 11.0 11.1 引用錯誤:沒有為名為
Bolotov17
的參考文獻提供內容
外部連結
- Missouri State Unio Gallery (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館)
- Freshwater Mollusk Conservation Society
- Ohio State University: Division of Molluscs - Freshwater Mussel Collection - Unionidae
- Unionidae at The MUSSEL Project Web Site
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