退伍軍人桿菌屬
 | 此條目需要精通或熟悉生物學的編者參與及協助編輯。 (2009年12月20日) |
退伍軍人桿菌屬
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| 在紫外光照射下的退伍軍人桿菌 | |
科學分類 
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| 域： | 細菌域 Bacteria |
| 門： | 假單胞菌門 Pseudomonadota |
| 綱： | γ-變形菌綱 Gammaproteobacteria |
| 目： | 退伍軍人桿菌目 Legionellales |
| 科： | 退伍軍人桿菌科 Legionellaceae |
| 屬： | 退伍軍人桿菌屬 Legionella Brenner et al. 1979 |
| 模式種 | |
| Legionella pneumophila Brenner et al., 1979
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| 種 | |
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見正文 | |
| 異名 | |
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退伍軍人桿菌是一類革蘭氏陰性菌，包括造成退伍軍人症的嗜肺性退伍軍人桿菌。
退伍軍人桿菌在許多環境中都很常見，已確定的至少有50個種和70個血清型。該屬菌細胞壁取代基所攜帶的基團標識了其體抗原。這些取代基的化學構成，包括其成分的不同以及糖原的不同排列方式，決定了其表面體抗原或是O-抗原的性質，而這正是血清學中對許多革蘭氏陰性菌分類的基本手段。
退伍軍人桿菌的名字源於1976年7月在費城爆發的一種「神秘疾病」，該病共造成221人患病，34人死亡，患者大都為美國退伍軍人，因而被冠名為退伍軍人症。退伍軍人症被廣泛宣傳而造成一定程度的恐慌。1977年1月18日，該病的病原體被確定為一種不為人知的細菌，隨後被命名為退伍軍人桿菌。
下屬物種
本屬包括以下物種：
- Legionella adelaidensis Benson et al. 1991
- Legionella anisa Gorman et al. 1985
- Legionella beliardensis Lo Presti et al. 2001
- 伯明翰退伍軍人桿菌 Legionella birminghamensis Wilkinson et al. 1988
- Legionella bozemanae (Garrity et al. 1980) Brenner et al. 1980，也拼作：Legionella bozemanii
- Legionella brunensis Wilkinson et al. 1989
- Legionella busanensis Park et al. 2003
- Legionella cardiaca Pearce et al. 2012
- Legionella cherrii Brenner et al. 1985
- 辛辛那提退伍軍人桿菌 Legionella cincinnatiensis Thacker et al. 1989
- Legionella drancourtii La Scola et al. 2004
- Legionella dresdenensis Lück et al. 2010
- Legionella drozanskii Adeleke et al. 2001
- Legionella dumoffii Brenner et al. 1980
- Legionella erythra Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella fairfieldensis Thacker et al. 1991
- Legionella fallonii Adeleke et al. 2001
- Legionella feeleii Herwaldt et al. 1984
- Legionella geestiana Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella gormanii Morris et al. 1980
- Legionella gratiana Bornstein et al. 1991
- Legionella gresilensis Lo Presti et al. 2001
- Legionella hackeliae Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella impletisoli Kuroki et al. 2007
- Legionella israelensis Bercovier et al. 1986
- 詹姆斯敦退伍軍人桿菌 Legionella jamestowniensis Brenner et al. 1985，指美國紐約詹姆斯敦
- Legionella jordanis Cherry et al. 1982
- Legionella lansingensis Thacker et al. 1994
- Legionella londiniensis Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella longbeachae McKinney et al. 1982
- Legionella lytica (Drozanski 1991) Hookey et al. 1996
- Legionella maceachernii Brenner et al. 1985
- 馬略卡島退伍軍人桿菌 Legionella maioricensis Crespi et al. 2023[1]
- Legionella massiliensis Campocasso et al. 2012
- Legionella micdadei (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980
- Legionella moravica Wilkinson et al. 1989
- 長崎退伍軍人桿菌 Legionella nagasakiensis Yang et al. 2012
- Legionella nautarum Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella norrlandica Rizzardi et al. 2015
- Legionella oakridgensis Orrison et al. 1983
- Legionella parisiensis Brenner et al. 1985
- 匹茲堡退伍軍人桿菌 Legionella pittsburghensis Pasculle et al. 1980，為Legionella micdadei (Garrity et al. 1980) Hébert et al. 1980的異名
- 退伍軍人症嗜肺桿菌 Legionella pneumophila Brenner et al. 1979 (Approved Lists 1980)
- Legionella qingyii Wu et al. 2019
- Legionella quateirensis Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella quinlivanii Benson et al. 1990
- Legionella resiliens [2]
- Legionella rowbothamii Adeleke et al. 2001
- Legionella rubrilucens Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella sainthelensi Campbell et al. 1984
- Legionella santicrucis Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella saoudiensis Bajrai et al. 2016
- Legionella septentrionalis Li et al. 2021
- Legionella shakespearei Verma et al. 1992
- Legionella spiritensis Brenner et al. 1985，種名指美國俄勒岡州聖海倫火山附近的Spirit湖
- Legionella steelei Edelstein et al. 2012
- Legionella steigerwaltii Brenner et al. 1985
- Legionella taurinensis Lo Presti et al. 1999
- Legionella thermalis Ishizaki et al. 2016
- Legionella tucsonensis Thacker et al. 1990
- Legionella tunisiensis Campocasso et al. 2012
- Legionella wadsworthii Edelstein et al. 1983
- Legionella waltersii Benson et al. 1996
- Legionella worsleiensis Dennis et al. 1993
- Legionella yabuuchiae Kuroki et al. 2007
參見
參考資料
- ^ Crespi S, Drasar V, Salva-Serra F, Jaen-Luchoro D, Pineiro-Iglesias B, Lindemann PC, Aliaga-Lozano F, Fernandez-Juarez V, Coll-Garcia G, Moore ERB, et al. Legionella maioricensis sp. nov., a new species isolated from the hot water distribution systems of a hospital and a shopping center during routine sampling. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2023; 73:5686.
- ^ Cristino, S.; Pascale, M.R.; Marino, F.; Derelitto, C.; Salaris, S.; Orsini, M.; Squarzoni, S.; Grottola, A.; Girolamini, L. Characterization of a Novel Species of Legionella Isolated from a Healthcare Facility: Legionella resiliens sp. nov. Pathogens 2024, 13, 250. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030250
外部連結
- CDC Division of bacterial and Mycotic Diseases: Legionellosis
- Directors of Health Promotion and Education page on Legionellosis
- European Working Group for Legionella Infections
- Legionnaires' disease outbreaks
- 世界衛生組織 軍團病 （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
維護指引
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） - Procedure for Cleaning Cooling Towers and Related Equipment |(pages 239 and 240 of 249)
- Cooling Technology Institute - Best Practices for Control of Legionella
- California Energy Commission （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館） - Cooling Water Management Program Guidelines For Wet and Hybrid Cooling Towers at Power Plants
- ASHRAE Guideline （頁面存檔備份，存於互聯網檔案館）
- Guidelines for Control of Legionella in Ornamental Fountains
