逆向自由乘車
逆向自由乘車（英語：Reverse Freedom Rides）是1961年美國南方種族隔離主義者通過巴士將非裔美國人送往北方及西部大城市的一次嘗試。[1][2]這些人通過提供單程車票和許諾提供高薪工作及免費住房的方式吸引非裔居民參與，但絕大部分非裔居民在到達北方後未能獲得許諾中所提到的待遇。儘管有不少黑人在到達後憑自己的能力找到了工作，但絕大多數並沒有。[3]
參考文獻
- ^ Robertson, Nan. 120 Negroes took 'free ride' North; White council had hoped to send 1,000; City got 32. The New York Times. 1962-06-13 [2023-05-07]. ProQuest 115728687. （原始內容存檔於2022-09-22）.
The plan of the segregationist White Citizens Councils to ship at least 1,000 impoverished Negroes to the North in 'reverse Freedom Rides' has fallen far short of its goal…
- ^ Negro on Way to Cleveland In Reverse Freedom Ride. The New York Times. 1962-06-15 [2023-05-07]. （原始內容存檔於2018-07-22）.
A young Negro, his only luggage a paper bag, was on his way to Cleveland today, the fourth "reverse freedom rider" sent north ...
- ^ Negro 'ride' plan stirs new furor; Javits Hits Segregationists' Bid to Send 1,000 North Donors. The New York Times. 1962-04-25 [2023-05-07]. ProQuest 116037696. （原始內容存檔於2022-11-27）.
A proposal to send a 'freedom train' up North carrying 1,000 Negroes on a free one-way ride away from segregation in the South drew new cries of outrage and support today.