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N6-甲基腺苷

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N6-甲基腺苷
IUPAC名
N-Methyladenosine
別名 m6A
識別
CAS號 1867-73-8  checkY
PubChem 102175
ChemSpider 92307
SMILES
 
  • n2c1c(ncnc1NC)n(c2)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO
ChEBI 21891
性質
化學式 C11H15N5O4
摩爾質量 281.27 g·mol−1
若非註明,所有數據均出自標準狀態(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

N6-甲基腺苷(N6-Methyladenosine,簡稱m6A)是真核生物細胞mRNA中最常見的修飾,也見於tRNArRNAsnRNAlncRNA(如Xist英語XIST)等其他種RNA,細胞RNA中約有0.1%至0.4%的腺苷(A)位點具有此修飾[1]。m6A最早在1970年代即被發現,但未知其功能[2][3],近年隨着其修飾酶(writer)、去修飾酶(eraser)和識別蛋白(reader)的發現,其修飾機制與功能逐漸明朗。m6A是由一甲基轉移酶英語Methyltransferase複合體修飾,複合體包括METTL3METTL14英語METTL14WTAP英語WTAP (gene)RBM15、KIAA1429與METTL5等,可將S-腺苷甲硫氨酸(SAM)上的甲基轉移到RNA的腺苷上[1]FTO蛋白與ALKBH5英語AlkB homolog 5, RNA demethylase則為m6A去甲基酶,可移除RNA上m6A的甲基[1];具YTH結構域(YT521-B homology domain)的蛋白(YTHDF1YTHDF2YTHDF3YTHDC1英語YTHDC1等)、IGF2BP1英語IGF2BP1IGF2BP2英語IGF2BP2IGF2BP3英語IGF2BP3FMR1英語FMR1RBMX英語RBMX等蛋白可與mRNA上的m6A結合,為其識別蛋白,因蛋白種類和RNA序列而異可促進或抑制其轉譯、降解、剪接[1]。研究m6A轉錄組的技術包括m6A測序(m6A Seq )、mRNA甲基化測序(MeRIP-seq)、m6A-CLIP英語Cross-linking immunoprecipitationSCARLET[1]。有數種癌症與m6A修飾的異常有關[4][5][6]。除真核生物外,許多RNA病毒也具有m6A修飾,可能與其感染、複製有關[7][8][9]

參考文獻

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