用戶:Koala0090/Olympic/索馬里

維基百科，自由的百科全書
奧林匹克
索馬里代表團
IOC編碼SOM
NOCSomali Olympic Committee
網站www.nocsom.org
獎牌榜
金牌 銀牌 銅牌 總計
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National Olympic Committee

The Somali Olympic Committee was first created on 12 December 1959, in Mogadishu, with Ali Omar Seego founding the organisation. It had been hoped that Somalia would be able to take part in the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome, Italy, but after Seego was posted as Somalia's ambassador to Belgium, based in Brussels, those who succeeded him were unable to take the nation to the Games and the Committee was entirely abandoned.[1]

The idea was resurrected in 1971, with the national associations of athletics, basketball and football signing up under the Committee's charter. Shortly prior to the 1972 Summer Olympics, it was recognised by the International Olympic Committee (IOC), allowing it to compete.[1]

History

Early years

Somalia made their Summer Olympic debut at the 1972 Games in Munich、West Germany, sending three athletes;[2] Mohamed Aboker（英語：Mohamed Aboker）、Jama Awil Aden（英語：Jama Awil Aden） in track events and Abdullah Noor Wasughe（英語：Abdullah Noor Wasughe） in the high jump（英語：Athletics at the 1972 Summer Olympics – Men's high jump）.[3]

Somalia was eligible to compete at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Canada, but joined with 28 other countries in a boycott. This was after the IOC allowed New Zealand（英語：New Zealand at the 1976 Summer Olympics） to participate in the Games, despite the breach（英語：1976 New Zealand rugby union tour of South Africa） of the international sports boycott（英語：Sporting boycott of South Africa during the apartheid era） of South Africa by the nation's rugby union team shortly before the Olympics. The majority of the 28 countries in the Olympic boycott were African nations.[4] Prior to the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow、Soviet Union, Somalia once again joined in with a boycott of the Games, this time led by the United States over the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan during the Soviet–Afghan War.[5]

When Somalia sent a contingent to the 1984 Summer Olympics, it was their largest group of competitors so far with seven male athletes. Ahmed Mohamed Ismail（英語：Ahmed Mohamed Ismail） finished in 47th place in the marathon（英語：Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's marathon）, while Abdi Bile（英語：Abdi Bile） reached the second round of the 800公尺（英語：Athletics at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres）.[6] Ibrahim Okash（英語：Ibrahim Okash） went a round better in the 800公尺（英語：Athletics at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Men's 800 metres） at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul、South Korea, reaching the semi finals of the competition.[7]

Although Somalia registered athletes for the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, because of the ongoing famine, it did not participate.[8] They returned once again at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States, where they entered four male athletes.[9] That year, Bile recorded the best performance by any Somalian athlete at the Olympics so far, finishing sixth in the final of the 1500公尺（英語：Athletics at the 1996 Summer Olympics – Men's 1500 metres）.[8]

2000s

From the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Australia, onwards, Somalia reduced its contingent at each Games down to two competitors, one male and one female. This change meant that Somalia fielded female athletes for the first time, Safia Abukar Hussein（英語：Safia Abukar Hussein） becoming the first women to compete for her country at the Olympics.[2] This still caused some issues due to the perception of women in athletes within Somalia, with Hussein's own father rejecting her for a period over fears that it would prevent her from finding a husband. However, they reconciled prior to the Games.[10]

The 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece, was marked by controversy for Somalia. After Farah Weheliye Addo（英語：Farah Weheliye Addo）, the president of the Somali Olympic Committee, was found guilty of embezzling funds from the association football governing body（英語：Sports governing body） FIFA. In response, FIFA banned him for ten years and complained to the IOC. In support, the IOC removed the accreditation for Addo, therefore banning him from the 2004 Games.[11]

One of the Somali entrants at the 2008 Summer Olympics received a great deal of international media attention. Samia Yusuf Omar was a 16 year old sprinter, who had trained at the Mogadishu Stadium（英語：Mogadishu Stadium） and around the city. The determination she showed despite the difficulty and harassment she received by local militia groups in the civil war was described as inspirational in the press. Following the Games, where she came last in her heat of the 200公尺 in donated equipment, she fell out of the public eye because she was not interested in being involved in the media.[12]

2010s

Because of the ongoing Civil War, many Somali athletes have left the country and now compete under the flags of other nations.[8] The most prominent example of this came at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, United Kingdom, when Mo Farah won two gold medals for Great Britain; first the 男子10,000公尺 on "Super Saturday",[13][14] and then for the 5000公尺, during the following week.[15]

It had been hoped that Omar would return at the London Games, but when she returned to Somalia after the 2008 Olympics, she was threatened by Islamic militant group Al-Shabaab, and no longer admitted she was an athlete. She wished to compete at the 2012 Games, and so left Somalia and travelled first to Ethiopia,[12] then north to Libya,[16] where after a period of imprisonment she drowned off the coast while attempting to cross the Mediterranean Sea to Italy, where she hoped to find a coach.[17][18] Qadijo Aden Dahir, the Deputy Chairman for Somalia's athletics federation, said that "it's a sad death... She was our favourite for the London Olympics".[19]

Somalia continued to send a one male and one female athlete to the 2012 and the 2016 Summer Olympics.[20][21] Meanwhile, Farah was once again successful at the 2016 Games, winning two further gold medals for Great Britain.[22]

獎牌榜

參見：奧林匹克運動會獎牌統計
賽事 選手 運動項目 選手數 獎牌 總計 排名
田徑 拳擊 柔道 游泳 角力
西德 1972年慕尼黑 3 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
加拿大 1976年蒙特利爾 未參賽
蘇聯 1980年莫斯科 未參賽
美國 1984年洛杉磯 7 2 7 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
大韓民國 1988年漢城 5 1 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
西班牙 1992年巴塞隆拿 未參賽
美國 1996年亞特蘭大 4 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
澳大利亞 2000年悉尼 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
希臘 2004年雅典 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
中國 2008年北京 2 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
英國 2012年倫敦 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 –
巴西 2016年里約熱內盧 2 3 2 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 –
日本 2020年東京 尚未舉行
總計 0 0 0 0 –

參見

Notes

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Somalia and Olympism (PDF). Olympic Review. June 1984, (200): 459–462 [22 October 2016]. 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Somalia. Sports Reference（英語：Sports Reference）. [22 October 2016]. 
  3. ^ Somalia at the 1972 München Summer Games. Sports Reference（英語：Sports Reference）. [22 October 2016]. 
  4. ^ Grasso, Mallon & Heijmans 2015，第lxxv頁.
  5. ^ Smith, Terence. The President Said Nyet. New York Times. 20 January 1980 [22 October 2016]. 
  6. ^ Abdi Bile. Sports Reference（英語：Sports Reference）. [22 October 2016]. 
  7. ^ Ibrahim Okash. Sports Reference（英語：Sports Reference）. [22 October 2016]. 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Grasso, Mallon & Heijmans 2015，第540頁.
  9. ^ Somalia at the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games. Sports Reference（英語：Sports Reference）. [22 October 2016]. 
  10. ^ Seibert, Sam. Happy Just to Be Here需要付費訂閱. Newsweek. 11 September 2000 [22 October 2016] –透過HighBeam Research（英語：HighBeam Research）. 
  11. ^ Addo not welcome in Athens. BBC News. 10 August 2004 [22 October 2016]. 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 Krug, Teresa. Somali inspiration battles against the odds. Al Jazeera. 20 August 2012 [15 October 2016]. 
  13. ^ Fordyce, Tom. Mo Farah wins Olympic 10,000m gold for Great Britain. BBC Sport. 4 August 2012 [22 October 2016]. 
  14. ^ Olympics 2012: Great Britain's golden day of the Games. BBC Sport. 5 August 2012 [22 October 2016]. 
  15. ^ Fordyce, Tom. Mo Farah wins men's 5000米 to claim second Olympic gold. BBC Sport. 11 August 2012 [22 October 2016]. 
  16. ^ Krug, Teresa. Grieving for Somali Olympian Samia Omar. Al-Jazeera. 27 August 2012 [15 October 2016]. 
  17. ^ Brundu, Rina. A Rosebud Exclusive: Samia Yusuf Omar’s Italian dream. An interview with Teresa Krug of Al Jazeera. Rosebud. [15 October 2016]. 
  18. ^ Somalia Olympic runner 'drowns trying to reach Europe'. BBC News. 21 August 2012 [15 October 2016]. 
  19. ^ Samia Yusuf Omar Dead: Somalia Track Star Drowned In Boat Accident Ahead Of London Olympics. The Huffington Post. 21 August 2012 [15 October 2016]. （原始內容存檔於16 March 2016）. 
  20. ^ Somalia at the 2012 London Summer Games. Sports Reference（英語：Sports Reference）. [22 October 2016]. 
  21. ^ Somalia at the 2016 London Summer Games. Sports Reference（英語：Sports Reference）. [22 October 2016]. 
  22. ^ Relive Farah's 5000米 gold run. BBC Sport. 20 August 2016 [22 October 2016]. 

參考文獻

  • Grasso, John; Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen. Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement 5th. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. 2015. ISBN 978-1-4422-4859-5. 

外部連結

Category:Somalia at the Olympics（英語：Category:Somalia at the Olympics） Olympics（英語：Category:Sport in Somalia）

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