^Schiffer, M.M. et al., 1973, J. Math. Phys., 14, 52.
延伸閱讀
Stephani, Hans; Kramer, Dietrich; MacCallum, Malcolm; Hoenselaers, Cornelius & Herlt, Eduard. Exact Solutions of Einstein's Field Equations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003. ISBN 978-0-521-46136-8.
Adler, Ronald; Bazin, Maurice & Schiffer, Menahem. Introduction to General Relativity Second Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill. 1975. ISBN 978-0-07-000423-8. 引文格式1維護:冗餘文本 (link)See chapter 7.
Perez, Alejandro; and Moreschi, Osvaldo M. Characterizing exact solutions from asymptotic physical concepts. 2000. Dec 2000 arXiv:gr-qc/001210027 Dec 2000請檢查|arxiv=值 (幫助).引文使用過時參數version (幫助) Characterization of three standard families of vacuum solutions as noted above.
Sotiriou, Thomas P.; and Apostolatos, Theocharis A. Corrections and Comments on the Multipole Moments of Axisymmetric Electrovacuum Spacetimes. Class. Quant. Grav. 2004, 21: 5727–5733.arXiv eprint (頁面存檔備份,存於互聯網檔案館) Gives the relativistic multipole moments for the Ernst vacuums (plus the electrogmagnetic and gravitational relativistic multipole moments for the charged generalization).
Penrose R. ed C. de Witt and J. Wheeler , 編. Battelle Rencontres. W. A. Benjamin, New York. 1968: 222.
"The Classical Theory of Fields", L.D. Landau, E.M. Lifshitz, Fourth revised English edition, Elsevier, Amsterdam ... London, New York ... Tokyo, 1975 (based on B. Carter, 1968).