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無形性

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無形性(英語:Intangibility)指缺乏可觸及之屬性,從而難以評估服務質素[1][2][3],而服務的其他關鍵特徵包括易逝性不可分割性和易變性[4]

參考資料

  1. ^ Bateson, John E. G. (1979), Why we need service marketing, in Conceptual and theoretical developments in marketing, O. C. Ferrell, S.W. Brown, & C. W. Lamb Jr., eds. Chicago, IL: American Marketing Association, 131–146.
  2. ^ Laroche, Michel, Jasmin Bergeron, & Christine Goutaland (2001), A three-dimensional scale of intangibility, Journal of Service Research, 4(1), 26–38.
  3. ^ Mittal, Banwari (1999), The advertising of services: Meeting the challenge of intangibility, Journal of Service Research, 2(1), 98-116.
  4. ^ Zeithaml, Valarie A., A. Parasuraman, & Leonard L. Berry (1985). Problems and strategies in services marketing. Journal of Marketing, 49(2), 33-46.