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2022年扎姆法拉大屠殺

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2022年1月4日至6日,尼日利亞扎姆法拉州土匪殺害了超過200人,[1]尼日利亞近代史上死傷最嚴重的恐怖襲擊。[2]

背景

尼日利亞匪患英語Nigerian bandit conflict始於2011年,與農牧民衝突和博科聖地叛亂有關,至今已導致上千人遇害。土匪團伙襲擊西北各州,大規模綁架乃至屠殺居民。僅在扎姆法拉州,2021年2月便有279名中學女生遭綁架,6月在朱爾米英語Zurmi又有50餘村民遭屠殺英語Zurmi massacre[3]

襲擊發生前,政府軍在1月3日發動空襲,擊斃100名土匪,摧毀多處基地;土匪因而進入扎姆法拉州展開報復英語Reprisal[4]幾天後,尼日利亞政府認定這些匪徒為恐怖分子。[5]

屠殺

襲擊發生前不久,土匪試圖劫掠一個有3,000頭牛的牛群,卻遇到了當地義警。雙方發生槍戰,義警戰敗,多人遇害。土匪隨即開始屠殺村民。[6][7]

1月4日下午12時45分左右,約300-500名土匪槍手乘摩托車進入庫法爾丹亞鎮(Kurfar Danya),[8]由此展開對安卡布庫尤姆地方政府區的系列劫案。[9][1][10]匪幫射殺村民,搶劫房屋後將其付之一炬。[11]土匪連續兩天圍攻庫爾法鎮(Kurfa)和拉芬-格羅鎮(Rafin-Gero),未遭政府阻撓。[12][10]土匪先後摧毀五個定居點。[13]一名倖存者說土匪「見人就開槍」。[14]

1月6日,政府部隊截擊土匪,結束屠殺。[15][10]土匪頭子貝洛·圖爾吉(Bello Turji)被控對大屠殺負責。[16][17][18][19]

已確認的遇襲定居點

名稱 襲擊日期 詳情 參考
Kurfar Danya 1月4日,星期二 首個目標;居民無家可歸 [13][6][10]
Rafin Danya 1月4日,星期二 被毀 [19][6]
Barayar Zaki 1月4日,星期二 [6][20]
Rafin Gero 1月4日,星期二 圍攻後被毀 [6][10][21]
Waramu [16][22]
Tungar Isa 被毀 [23][21]
Kewaye [13][21]
Tungar Na More [24][25]

受害者

扎姆法拉州當局稱有58人死亡,備受爭議。[26][27]一些難民認為有154人遇害。[14]人道主義事務部長薩迪亞·奧馬爾·法魯克的發言人稱有200多具屍體下葬,[1]當地居民同意該說法。[28]著名反匪民團領袖甘博·阿巴雷(Gambo Abare)在系列襲擊中遇害。[16][29]

後果

匪幫焚毀五個定居點,超過一萬人流離失所[13][1]多人至今下落不明。[30]土匪盜走大量資源,包括約2,000頭牛。[31][32]尼日利亞當局抵達受害地區,協助組織集體葬禮。[14]救援工作仍在進行中。[33]

反應

尼日利亞

1月8日,尼日利亞總統穆罕默杜·布哈里譴責本次襲擊,稱尼日利亞將爭取鎮壓該國的恐怖主義。[34][14]聯邦政府書記安伊姆·皮烏斯·安伊姆對殺戮事件感到難過,譴責肇事者「破壞生命和財產」。[35]

安卡埃米爾Alhaji Attahir Ahmad和布庫尤姆埃米爾Alhaji Muhammad Usman加強了地區安防。扎姆法拉州長貝洛·馬塔瓦勒立即訪問受害地區,與倖存者及家屬會面交談。他批評媒體據報誇大傷亡人數,稱媒體「大相逕庭地引用近期逃亡土匪襲擊的可怕死亡數字」。[36]

全體進步大會黨譴責這一事件,支持尼日利亞武裝部隊追查肇事者。全國代理委員會書記約翰·詹姆斯·阿克潘·烏多-埃德赫代表黨「向失去親人的家庭表示衷心哀悼,並向扎姆法拉州政府和人民表示同情」。[37][38]

尼日利亞勞工大會譴責大屠殺以及土匪的「邪惡和不人道」。[39]

前尼日利亞航空部部長費米·法尼-卡約德提議以地毯式轟炸防止屠殺,並指出軍方剛獲得一批「超級巨嘴鳥」攻擊機[40]卡杜納州州長納西爾·艾哈邁德·埃爾-魯法伊也表示支持。[41]

他們在索科托殺人,你把軍隊調到那兒,把他們趕出去,他們就跑到凱比。如果他們在凱比挨了炸,就接着跑到卡杜納。應該從天上炸、從地上炸、聯合地面部隊同時在全西北部五六個州以及尼日爾轟炸他們。在我看來,這個問題可以在幾周內解決。我相信現在的不安全程度已經到了臨界點,必須付出一些代價。我希望一勞永逸地結束這場匪亂。這是個問題。[42] ——納西爾·艾哈邁德·埃爾-魯法伊

國際

土耳其外交部聲稱「據悉扎姆法拉州多起襲擊造成逾百人喪生,對此表示萬分悲痛。」[43][44]

聯合國秘書長安東尼奧·古特雷斯對這一事件表示強烈譴責,支持尼日利亞的反恐行動,告訴尼日利亞當局"不遺餘力地將這些令人髮指的罪魁禍首繩之以法"。[45]古特雷斯重申了聯合國對該國的聲援。[46][47][48]

António Guterres Twitter的logo,一個風格化的小藍鳥
@antonioguterres

I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice.


尼日利亞扎姆法拉州周末發生了駭人聽聞的襲擊事件,許多平民遇害,對此我強烈譴責。我敦促尼日利亞當局不遺餘力將這些令人髮指的罪魁禍首繩之以法。

2022-01-10[49]

參考

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  49. ^ António Guterres [@antonioguterres]. I strongly condemn the appalling attacks perpetrated over the weekend in Nigeria’s Zamfara State in which many civilians were killed. I urge the Nigerian authorities to spare no effort in bringing those responsible for these heinous crimes to justice. (推文). 2022-01-10 –透過Twitter.