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用戶:奔流沙/摩爾斯

維基百科，自由的百科全書
Samuel F. B. Morse
薩繆爾·摩爾斯
出生(1791-04-27)1791年4月27日
麻省查爾斯鎮
逝世1872年4月2日(1872歲—04—02)（80歲）
紐約州紐約第22街西5號
職業作家、畫家及投資者

薩繆爾·芬利·布里斯·摩爾斯（英語：Samuel Finley Breese Morse）（1791年4月27日—1872年4月2日），美國發明家，摩爾斯電碼的創立者。

Death

Morse died on April 2, 1872, 25 days short of his 81st birthday, at his home at 5 West 22nd Street, New York City, at the age of 80, and was buried in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn, New York. [1]

逝世


Anti-Catholic and anti-immigration efforts

Morse was a leader in the anti-Catholic and anti-immigration movement of the mid-19th century. In 1836, he ran unsuccessfully for mayor of New York under the anti-immigrant Nativist Party's banner, receiving only 1496 votes. When Morse visited Rome, he refused to take his hat off in the presence of the Pope. Upon seeing this, an offended Swiss Guardsman rushed over and hit the hat off of his head. Morse worked to unite Protestants against Catholic institutions (including schools), wanted to forbid Catholics from holding public office, and promoted changing immigration laws to limit immigration from Catholic countries. On this topic, he wrote, 「We must first stop the leak in the ship through which muddy waters from without threaten to sink us.」 [3]

反天主教和反移民的努力

  • 摩爾斯在19世紀中期是一個反天主教和反移民運動的領導者。
  • 1836年，他以本土黨的身份和口號參加了紐約市市長的競選，但最終並不成功，只獲得了1496票。
  • 有一次摩爾斯到羅馬訪問，在出席會上，他拒絕向羅馬教皇脫帽以示抗議，見到如此情形，一個瑞士近衛隊士兵怒氣沖沖地跑了過來，把帽子從他的頭上打翻掉地。摩爾斯一直致力於聯合新教去反對天主教協會。希望能夠制止天主教控制公共部門，同時也希望能夠通過修訂和加強《移民法》來限制那些來自信仰天主教的國家的移民。在這個議題上，他曾寫道：「為了大船不被沉沒，我們必須儘快堵住這個流着污泥髒水的漏洞。」[4]

Morse was the author of a number of letters to the New York Observer (his brother Sidney was the editor at the time) urging people to fight the perceived Catholic menace. These articles were widely reprinted in other newspapers. Among other claims, he believed that the Austrian government and Catholic aid organizations were subsidizing Catholic immigration to the United States in order to gain control of the country.[5]

  • 摩爾斯還是《紐約觀察者》的專欄作家（他哥哥西德尼時任該報主編），文章提醒民眾要警覺天主教的威脅，並提倡為之而戰。這些文章被各大報紙廣泛的再版刊登。在這個主張討論上，他認為奧地利政府和天主教救助組織對那些移民美國的天主教徒的援助，目的是為了逐漸控制美國。[6]

In his Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States, Morse wrote: 「Surely American Protestants, freemen, have discernment enough to discover beneath them the cloven foot of this subtle foreign heresy. They will see that Popery is now, what it has ever been, a system of the darkest political intrigue and despotism, cloaking itself to avoid attack under the sacred name of religion. They will be deeply impressed with the truth, that Popery is a political as well as a religious system; that in this respect it differs totally from all other sects, from all other forms of religion in the country.」 [7]

  • 在他的著作《外國陰謀美國的自由》（Conspiracy Against the Liberties of the United States） 中，他寫道：「當然，美國的新教教徒，自由民有足夠的洞察力去發覺那些外國異教徒在他們眼皮底下搞破壞，他們會明白天主教會無論過去還是現在，都一直是最 邪惡的且已經體制化了的政治陰謀家和獨裁者，只不過利用『宗教』 這一神聖的幌子來保護自己不受攻擊。他們最終會明白這一真相：天主教會是一個政教合一的組織，這種關係完全有別於現存於我國的其他宗教組織，有別於其他形 式的宗教信仰。」[8]


Marriages

Morse married Lucretia Pickering Walker on September 29, 1819, in Concord, New Hampshire. She died on February 7, 1825, shortly after the birth of their fourth child (Susan b. 1819, Elizabeth b. 1821, Charles b. 1823, James b. 1825). His second wife was Sarah Elizabeth Griswold. They were married on August 10, 1848 in Utica, New York and had four children (Samuel b. 1849, Cornelia b. 1851, William b. 1853, Edward b. 1857).

婚姻

  • 1819年9月29日，摩爾斯在新罕布什爾州康科德市娶了盧克雷蒂亞·畢麒麟·沃克（Lucretia Pickering Walker）為妻。妻子在第四個孩子出生不久（四個孩子分別為：生於1819年的蘇珊，生於1821年的伊利沙伯，生於1823年的查爾斯和生於1825年的詹姆斯），於1825年2月7日去世。摩爾斯的第二任妻子是莎拉·伊利沙伯·格里斯沃爾德（Sarah Elizabeth Griswold），他們於1848年8月在紐約州尤蒂卡市結婚，婚後產下四子（分別為：生於1849年的薩繆爾，生於1851年的高奈利亞，生於1853年的威廉和生於1857年的愛德華 ）。

發明專利

軼聞

  • 紐約大學的核心課程和必修課就是摩爾斯學術計劃（Morse Academic Plan ，MAP）。
  • A letter to a friend describes the challenge of defending his patent on the electromagnetic telegraph.[1] (1848).[2]
I have been so constantly under the necessity of watching the movements of the most unprincipled set of pirates I have ever known, that all my time has been occupied in defense, in putting evidence into something like legal shape that I am the inventor of the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph!! Would you have believed it ten years ago that a question could be raised on that subject?
  • There is a blue plaque commemorating him at 141 Cleveland Street, London, where he lived from 1812 to 1815.
Statue of Samuel F. B. Morse by Byron M. Picket, New York's Central Park, dedicated 1871

參考文獻

  1. ^ Prof. Samuel Finley Breese Morse.. New York Times. April 3, 1872, Wednesday. Prof. Morse died last evening at 8 o'clock, his condition having become very low soon after surprise. Though expected, the death of this distinguished man will be received with regret by thousands to whom he was only known by fame. 
  2. ^ Prof. Samuel Finley Breese Morse.. New York Times. April 3, 1872, Wednesday. Prof. Morse died last evening at 8 o'clock, his condition having become very low soon after surprise. Though expected, the death of this distinguished man will be received with regret by thousands to whom he was only known by fame. 
  3. ^ Billington, Ray A. 'Anti-Catholic Propaganda and the Home Missionary Movement, 1800–1860' The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, (December, 1935), pp. 361–384. Published by Organization of American Historians. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1892624]
  4. ^ Billington, Ray A. 'Anti-Catholic Propaganda and the Home Missionary Movement, 1800-1860' The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, Vol. 22, No. 3, (Dec., 1935), pp. 361-384. Published by Organization of American Historians. 固定連結： http://www.jstor.org/stable/1892624]
  5. ^ Curran, Thomas J. International Migration Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1, (Spring, 1966), pp. 15–25 Published by The Center for Migration Studies of New York, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3002916
  6. ^ Curran, Thomas J. International Migration Digest, Vol. 3, No. 1, (Spring, 1966), pp. 15-25 Published by The Center for Migration Studies of New York, Inc. Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3002916
  7. ^ America | The National Catholic Weekly – Return of the Know-Nothings
  8. ^ America | The National Catholic Weekly - Return of the Know-Nothings

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