儒艮科
儒艮科![]() | |
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母儒艮及幼仔 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 脊索动物门 Chordata |
纲: | 哺乳纲 Mammalia |
目: | 海牛目 Sirenia |
科: | 儒艮科 Dugongidae J. E. Gray, 1821 |
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儒艮科(学名:Dugongidae)是海牛目之下的一个科,包括儒艮(Dugong dugon)和已灭绝了的大海牛(Hydrodamalis gigas)。牠们与其近亲海牛科动物的差别除了头骨的部分特征外,最明显的部位在于尾巴,儒艮科的尾巴近似于鲸目的尾鳍,由中央分岔呈V字形,而海牛科则拥有团扇一般的圆桨状尾。
儒艮是本科唯一的现生种,其族群分散,大致分布于印度洋与太平洋周边浅海地区,最西达东非与马达加斯加,北至日本的冲绳群岛,往东可达菲律宾与帕劳。目前除了澳洲附近海域以外,其他地区的族群数量皆不多。与经常上溯至大河流域的海牛不同,儒艮仅在海水中活动,以海草为主要食物,有时也会食用藻类。一般生活于近岸浅海地区,但有时可在远洋发现。
大海牛是本科另一存活至近代的物种,但与儒艮不同属。大海牛的体型比儒艮来得大,可达9米左右,曾生存于白令海,为海牛目中唯一远离热带、亚热带地区的物种。18世纪时由于人类的猎杀,发现后仅27年间便宣告灭绝。
下属分类
本科包括以下属:
- Anisosiren Kordos, 1979
- Bharatisiren Bajpai & Domning, 1997
- Callistosiren Velez-Juarbe & Domning, 2015
- Caribosiren Reinhart, 1959
- Corystosiren Domning, 1990
- Crenatosiren Domning, 1991
- Culebratherium Velez-Juarbe & Wood, 2019
- Cyotherium Zittel, 1892
- Dioplotherium Cope, 1883
- Domningia Thewissen & Bajpai, 2009
- 儒艮属 Dugong Lacépède, 1799
- 儒艮 Dugong dugon
- Dusisiren Domning, 1978
- Eosiren Andrews, 1902
- Eotheroides Palmer, 1899
- Halitherium Kaup, 1838
- †无齿海牛属 Hydrodamalis Retzius, 1794
- †大海牛 Hydrodamalis gigas
- Indosiren von Koenigswald, 1952
- Ischyrotherium Leidy, 1857
- Italosiren Voss, Sorbi & Domning, 2017
- Kaupitherium Voss & Hampe, 2017
- Kutchisiren Bajpai, Domning, Das, Velez-Juarbe & Mishra, 2010
- Lentiarenium Voss, 2016
- Mesosiren Abel, 1906
- Metaxytherium Christol, 1840[1]
- Metaxytherium albifontanum Velez-Juarbe & Domning, 2014[2]
- Metaxytherium aquitaniae Pilleri, 1987
- Metaxytherium arctodites Aranda-Manteca, Domning & Barnes, 1994
- Metaxytherium beaumontii Christol, 1844
- Metaxytherium crataegense (Simpson, 1932) Aranda-Manteca, Domning & Barnes, 1994
- Metaxytherium floridanum Hay, 1922
- Metaxytherium krahuletzi Depéret, 1895
- Metaxytherium lovisati Capellini, 1886
- Metaxytherium medium (Desmarest, 1822) Hooijer, 1952
- Metaxytherium meyeri Abel, 1904
- Metaxytherium petersi Abel, 1904
- Metaxytherium riveroi Varona, 1972
- Metaxytherium serresii (Gervais, 1847) Depéret, 1895
- Metaxytherium subapenninum (Bruno, 1839) Fondi & Pacini, 1974
- Miodugong Deraniyagala, 1969
- Nanosiren Domning, 2008
- Norosiren Samonds et al., 2019
- Paraliosiren Abel, 1906
- Paralitherium Kordos, 1977[3]
- Paralitherium tarkanyense Kordos, 1977
- Priscosiren Velez-Juarbe & Domning, 2014
- Prototherium Zigno, 1887
- Pygmeodon Kaup, 1835
- Rytiodus Lartet, 1866
- Sirenavus Kretzoi, 1941
- Sirenotherium Paula Couto, 1967
- Stegosiren Domning & Beatty, 2019
- Xenosiren Domning, 1989
参考文献
- ^ Christol, J. de. (1840). Nouveau genre de Cetace fossile. L'Institute 8th year. (352):322-323.
- ^ Jorge Vélez-Juarbe [email protected] & Daryl P. Domning [email protected] (2014) Fossil Sirenia of the West Atlantic and Caribbean region. Ix. Metaxytherium albifontanum, sp. nov., Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 34:2, 444-464, DOI: 10.1080/02724634.2013.799072
- ^ Kordos, L. (1977). Uj felsoeocen szirena (Paralitherium tarkanyense) n. g. n. sp. Felsotarkanybol. Relationes Annuae Instituti Geologici Publici Hungarici. 1975:349-367.
- Pieter A. Folken, Randall R. Reeves, etc. / illustrated by Pieter A. Folkens, 《Guide to MARINE MAMMALS of the World》,Alfred A. Knopf, 2002: p474-477. ISBN 0-375-41141-0
- Ronald M. Nowak, 《Walker's MARINE MAMMALS of the World》, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003: p211. ISBN 0-8018-7343-6
- ITIS as of 2002-07-05
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