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捕鸟蛛科

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捕鸟蛛科
化石时期:16–0 Ma
短尾蛛属Brachypelma sp.
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 节肢动物门 Arthropoda
纲: 蛛形纲 Arachnida
目: 蜘蛛目 Araneae
亚目: 背突蛛亚目 Opisthothelae
下目: 猛蛛亚目 Mygalomorphae
科: 捕鸟蛛科 Theraphosidae
Thorell, 1870

约113属

捕鸟蛛(学名:Tarantula)属于较原始的蜘蛛,其全身密生细毛。亦称为大兰多毒蛛塔兰托毒蛛塔兰图拉毒蛛。美洲的捕鸟蛛身上某些地方可能长有一种刺激性的螫毛,可在面临危险时使用后腿向老鼠等天敌抛洒这种天然的致痒粉,而天敌遇到这种螫毛会产生类似于工人铺设纤维玻璃毛毡后产生的刺痒感。这种方式可以帮助叮咬能力较弱的美洲捕鸟蛛保护自己不受伤害,而美洲捕鸟蛛也因此拥有相对于亚洲捕鸟蛛较低的毒性。

亚科

(中美洲 Acanthopelminae)

(南美洲 Aviculariinae)

油彩粉红趾蜘蛛
  • Avicularia Lamarck, 1818
    • Avicularia avicularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
    • Avicularia caei Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
    • Avicularia gamba[1]
    • Avicularia glauca Simon, 1891
    • Avicularia hirschii Bullmer, Thierer-Lutz & Schmidt, 2006
    • Avicularia hirsutissima (C.L.Koch, 1842)
    • Avicularia juruensis Mello-Leitão, 1923
    • Avicularia lynnae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
    • Avicularia merianae Fukushima & Bertani, 2017
    • Avicularia minatrix Pocock, 1903
    • Avicularia purpurea Kirk, 1990
    • Avicularia rufa Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1945
    • Avicularia sooretama[1]
    • Avicularia taunayi (Mello-Leitão, 1920)
    • Avicularia testacea (C.L.Koch, 1841)
    • Avicularia variegata F.O.Pickard-Cambridge, 1896
    • Avicularia vestiaria (De Geer, 1778)
  • Ephebopus Simon, 1892
  • Iridopelma Pocock, 1901
  • Pachistopelma Pocock, 1901

(非洲 Eumenophorinae)

(非洲 Harpactirinae)

非洲橙巴布蜘蛛

(世界 Ischnocolinae)

智利红玫瑰蜘蛛

(东南亚、华南等地 Ornithoctoninae)

(印度 Poecilotheriinae)

(远东、澳洲、等地 棒刺蛛亚科 Selenocosmiinae)

两个月大的委内瑞拉太阳虎蜘蛛
  • 缨毛蛛属 Chilobrachys Karsch, 1891
  • Coremiocnemis Simon, 1892
  • 单壁蛛属 Haplocosmia Schmidt & von Wirth, 1996
  • Lyrognathus Pocock, 1895
  • Orphnaecus Simon, 1892
  • 美焰蛛属 Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897
  • Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895
    • Psalmopoeus cambridgei Pocock, 1895
    • Psalmopoeus chronoarachne Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023[2]
    • Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903
    • Psalmopoeus emeraldus Pocock, 1903
    • Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994
    • Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006
    • Psalmopoeus maya Witt, 1996
    • Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903
    • Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925
    • Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880)
    • Psalmopoeus satanas Peñaherrera-R. & León-E, 2023[2]
    • Psalmopoeus victori Mendoza, 2014
  • Selenobrachys Schmidt, 1999
  • 棒刺蛛属 Selenocosmia Ausserer, 1871
  • Selenotholus Hogg, 1902
  • Selenotypus Pocock, 1895
  • Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871
    • Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995
    • Tapinauchenius cupreus Schmidt & Bauer, 1996
    • Tapinauchenius gretae Cifuentes & Bertani, 2022
    • Tapinauchenius herrerai Gabriel & Sherwood, 2022
    • Tapinauchenius latipes L.Koch, 1875
    • Tapinauchenius plumipes (C.L.Koch, 1842)
    • Tapinauchenius polybotes Hüsser, 2018
    • Tapinauchenius rasti Hüsser, 2018
    • Tapinauchenius sanctivincenti (Walckenaer, 1837)
  • 雅美蛛属 Yamia Kishida, 1920,为Phlogiellus Pocock, 1897的异名

(印度,非洲 Selengyrinae)

Annandaliella travancorica

(非洲西部 Stromatopelmina)

(南、北美洲 狒蛛亚科 Theraphosinae)

Megaphobema robusta
Pamphobeteus wallacei
Lasiodora parahybana

(印度 Selenogyrinae)

其他

  • Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925
    • Neischnocolus amazonica (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus armihuariensis (Kaderka, 2014)
    • Neischnocolus caxiuana (Pérez-Miles, Miglio & Bonaldo, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus cisnerosi [4]
    • Neischnocolus iquitos Kaderka, 2020
    • Neischnocolus mecana Echeverri, Gómez Torres, Pinel & Perafán, 2023
    • Neischnocolus obscurus (Ausserer, 1875)
    • Neischnocolus panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925
    • Neischnocolus pijaos (Jimenez & Bertani, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus tsere [4]
    • Neischnocolus valentinae (Almeida, Salvatierra & de Morais, 2019)
    • Neischnocolus weinmanni (Pérez-Miles, 2008)
    • Neischnocolus yupanquii (Pérez-Miles, Gabriel & Gallon, 2008)
  • Neoheterophrictus Siliwal & Raven, 2012
    • Neoheterophrictus amboli Mirza & Sanap, 2014
    • Neoheterophrictus bhori (Gravely, 1915)
    • Neoheterophrictus chimminiensis Sunil Jose, 2020
    • Neoheterophrictus crurofulvus Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
    • Neoheterophrictus madraspatanus (Gravely, 1935)
    • Neoheterophrictus sahyadri Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
    • Neoheterophrictus smithi Mirza, Bhosale & Sanap, 2014
    • Neoheterophrictus uttarakannada Siliwal, Gupta & Raven, 2012[5]
  • Pterinopelma Pocock, 1901
    • Pterinopelma felipeleitei Bertani & Leal, 2016
    • Pterinopelma longisternale (Bertani, 2001)
    • Pterinopelma sazimai Bertani, Nagahama & Fukushima, 2011[6]
    • Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling, 1891)[6]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Bertani R, Fukushima CS. 2009. Description of two new species of Avicularia Lamarck 1818 and redescription of Avicularia diversipes (C.L. Koch 1842) (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Aviculariinae) – three possibly threatened Brazilian species. Zootaxa. 2223: 25–47.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Pedro Peñaherrera-R. and Roberto J. León-E. 2023. On Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 (Araneae, Theraphosidae) Species and Tarantula Conservation in Ecuador. ZooKeys. 1186: 185-205. DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1186.108991
  3. ^ Ferretti Nelson, Nicoletta Micaela, Soresi Daniela, An integrative taxonomy approach evaluates the limits of the widespread tarantula Plesiopelma longisternale (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) and reveals a new species from Argentina, Zoologischer Anzeiger, Volume 308, 2024, Pages 131-143, ISSN 0044-5231, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2023.12.003.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Pedro Peñaherrera-R., Ariel Guerrero-Campoverde, Roberto J. León-E., Andrés Pinos-Sánchez, José M. Falcón-Reibán. 2023. Two New Species of Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925 (Araneae: Theraphosidae) from Eastern and Western Ecuador. Zootaxa. 5351(4); 483-493. DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5351.4.6
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Siliwal, M., N. Gupta and R. Raven. 2012. A New Genus of the Family Theraphosidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) with description of three new species from the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa. 4(14): 3233–3254
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Bertani, R., Nagahama, R.H. and Fukushima, C.S. 2011. Revalidation of Pterinopelma Pocock 1901 with description of a new species and the female of Pterinopelma vitiosum (Keyserling 1891) (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Theraphosinae). Zootaxa. 2814: 1–18.