海蜘蛛
海蜘蛛目![]() 化石时期:
| |
---|---|
![]() | |
海蜘蛛 | |
科学分类 ![]() | |
界: | 动物界 Animalia |
门: | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
纲: | 海蜘蛛纲 Pycnogonida Latreille, 1810 |
目: | 海蜘蛛目 Pantopoda |
科 | |
见正文 |
海蜘蛛,是海蜘蛛纲的总称,因形似蜘蛛,故名。
特征
- 头胸部前端有口,上面有4个小隆起,上面有单眼;
- 腹部不发达,为一小突起;
- 头胸部有4对长足,末端有钩爪,前方有一对小螯肢;
- 具有增节变态的发育模式。
下属分类
本科包括以下属:
- 砂海蛛科 Ammotheidae
- Achelia Hodge, 1864
- Acheliana Arnaud, 1971
- 砂海蛛属 Ammothea Leach, 1814
- Ammothella Verrill, 1900
- Austroraptus Hodgson, 1907
- Cilunculus Loman, 1908
- Dromedopycnon Child, 1982
- Elassorhis Child, 1982
- Hannonia Hoek, 1881
- Hedgpethius Child, 1974
- Hemichela Stock, 1954
- Megarhethus Child, 1982
- Megarhetus
- Neotrygaeus Munilla & Alonso-Zarazaga, 2014
- Nymphopsis Haswell, 1884
- Oorhynchus Hoek, 1881
- Paranymphon Caullery, 1896
- Pariboea Philippi, 1843
- Pasithoe Goodsir, 1842
- Proboehmia Stock, 1991
- Prototrygaeus Stock, 1975
- Scipiolus Loman, 1908
- Sericosura Fry & Hedgpeth, 1969
- Tanystylum Miers, 1879
- Teratonotum Sabroux, Corbari, Krapp, Bonillo, Le Prieur & Hassanin, 2017
- Ammothoidae
- Ascorhynchidae
- 澳海蛛科 Austrodecidae
- 美海蛛科 Callipallenidae
- 巨吻海蛛科 Colossendeidae
- 吻海蛛科 Endeidae
- 有丝海蛛科 Nymphonidae
- Pallenopsidae
- 裸脚海蜘蛛科 Phoxichilidiidae ,尖海蛛科
- 海蛛科 Pycnogonidae
- Rhynchothoracidae
- 科的地位未定的属:
- Alcinous Costa, 1861
- Alcynous Costa, 1861
- Astridium Dana, 1849
- Bango Bamber, 2004
- Benthocryptus Jarzynsky, 1870
- Chonothea Nakamura & Child, 1983
- Decachela Hilton, 1939
- Dechachela Hilton, 1939
- Ephyrogymna Hedgpeth, 1943
- Flagellopantopus Poschmann & Dunlop, 2005
- Foxichilus Costa, 1836
- Fragilia Loman, 1908
- Gnamptorhynchus Böhm, 1879
- Mimipallene Child, 1982
- Oiceobathes Hesse, 1867
- Oiceobathys Hesse, 1867
- Oomerus Hesse, 1874
- Palaeonymphon Léon, 1933
- Palaeothea Bergstrom, Sturmer & Winter, 1980
- Parachelia Czerniavsky, 1861
- Paralcinous Schimkewitsch, 1906
- Paritoca Philippi, 1842
- Pentapalacopycon
- Pentapalaeopycnon Hedgpeth, 1978
- Pephredo Goodsir, 1841
- Pephredro Goodsir, 1842
- Phanodemus Costa, 1836
- Phoxichilus Wagner, 1854
- Phoxychilis Berthold, 1827
- Platychelus Costa, 1861
- Polygonopus Pallas, 1766
- Polygotum Baster, 1765
- Pycnothea Loman, 1921
- Rigona Loman, 1908
- Scaeorhynchus Wilson, 1881
习性
海蜘蛛一般栖息于海滨,匍匐于海藻上面或岩石下,会携带和保护刚产下的卵。通常什么事情都不做
演化历史
在Hunsrück Slate发现了Palaeoisopus problematicus。生存于泥盆纪,足展可以达到40厘米,第一步足粗壮有力而且前端带有一个小爪子,可能是捕食性的凶猛种类。
参考文献
|
|