特朗普零容忍移民政策
特朗普零容忍移民政策(Trump administration family separation policy)是美国第45任总统唐纳德·特朗普执政时推出的针对非法移民的政策。2018年4月至2018年6月期间,特朗普政府在整个美墨边境开始实施该政策。根据该政策,美国联邦政府将偷渡到美国的非法移民与其子女强制分离[1][2]。成年非法移民将被美国政府起诉并被关押在联邦监狱或被驱逐出境,而非法移民的子女则由美国卫生及公共服务部负责看护。后来有调查发现,零容忍移民政策在美国政府公开宣布实施的前一年就已经开始实施[3]。
由于该政策受到不少非议,2018年6月20日,特朗普签署行政命令,决定终止该政策。2018年6月26日,美国联邦法官达娜·萨伯劳在美国全国范围内发布了针对特朗普零容忍移民政策的禁令,并下令在30天内要让所有非法移民的子女与其父母团聚 [4] [5]。两个月后,许多非法移民家庭仍处于分离状态。2020年1月,南方贫困法律中心表示,美国政府根据该政策,共有4368名儿童被迫与父母或监护人分离[6]。同样在1月,美国公民自由联盟表示,自2018年6月美国政府表示不再将非法移民与其子女强制分离以来,依然有超过1100个非法移民家庭未能团聚[7]。2020年11月,仍有666名非法移民子女的父母未能找到[8]。非法移民家庭团聚的过程得不到美国政府的任何财政支持,一些志愿者组织伸出援手帮助非法移民的子女与其父母团聚[9] [10] [11]。2021年2月2日,美国第46任总统乔·拜登颁布行政令,要求让因零容忍移民政策而在美墨边境被拆散的移民家庭重新团聚[12],并且拜登成立跨部门工作组,协助解决非法移民骨肉分离问题[13]。
参考文献
- ^ Transcript: Sen. Susan Collins on 'Face the Nation'. 面对国家 (CBS新闻). June 17, 2018 [June 17, 2018]. (原始内容存档于October 3, 2019).
- ^ Everett, Burgess. GOP senators demand details from Trump administration about separated families. 政客 (媒体). June 17, 2018. (原始内容存档于February 10, 2019).
... 'a number of media outlets have reported instances where parents and children seeking asylum at a port of entry have been separated,' the two senators wrote. 'These accounts and others like them concern us.' Flake and Collins cited a Washington Post story about a Honduran woman seeking asylum being separated from her child in Texas and a case in California in which a Congolese woman was separated from her daughter for months.
- ^ Gomez, Alan. Democrats grill Trump administration officials over family separation policy on the border. 今日美国. February 7, 2019 [March 11, 2019]. (原始内容存档于February 22, 2019).
- ^ Shear, Michael D.; Davis, Julie Hirschfeld; Kaplan, Thomas; Pear, Robert. Federal Judge in California Halts Splitting of Migrant Families at Border. 纽约时报. June 26, 2018. (原始内容存档于June 27, 2018).
- ^ |title=Order Granting Plaintiffs' Motion for Classwide Preliminary Injunction (页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆), Ms. L., et al. v. U.S. immigration & Customs Enforcement, et al., Case No. 18-cv-0428 (S.D. Cal. June 26, 2018).
- ^ timeline. Family separation under the Trump administration – a timeline. Southern Poverty Law Center. [June 19, 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-06).
- ^ transcript. Looking At Lasting Effects Of Trump's Family Separation Policy At The Southern Border. NPR. [October 16, 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-13).
- ^ The Trump administration's legacy of orphans. The Washington Post. August 26, 2018 [8 September 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-02) (英语).
- ^ transcript. Why hundreds of migrant children remain separated from their parents. PBS News Hour. [October 22, 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-22).
- ^ Lawyers: We can't find parents of 545 kids separated by Trump administration. NBC News. [2020-10-21]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-20) (英语).
- ^ Dickerson, Caitlin. Parents of 545 Children Separated at the Border Cannot Be Found. The New York Times. 21 October 2020 [22 October 2020]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-21).
- ^ 华尔街日报. 拜登下令成立工作组,让在边境上被拆散的移民家庭重聚. (原始内容存档于2021-04-20).
- ^ 拜登宣布成立工作组解决非法移民“骨肉分离”问题. [2021-09-22]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-13).