已知的组蛋白修饰位点与种类[1]
组蛋白密码 (Histone code)是一个描述真核生物藉修饰 包裹DNA 的组蛋白 (主要是其N端 尾)以调控基因表达 的理论,和DNA甲基化 共同组成表观遗传密码 [2] 。组蛋白上的修饰包括乙酰化 、甲基化 、磷酸化 、泛素化 、二磷酸腺苷核糖基化 、GlcNAc糖基化 [3] 、瓜氨酸化 、脯氨酸异构化 [4] 与SUMO修饰 等[5] ,这些修饰的组合可影响染色体 结构以及与其他蛋白的结合力,提升或降低基因的转录 。人类细胞中组蛋白修饰的种类复杂,其中某几种修饰可能倾向出现在同一个组蛋白上[6] 。近年由于质谱法 技术的发展而有更多修饰种类与位点被发现[7] ,也有许多研究探讨加上或移除组蛋白修饰的多种酵素 ,以及可辨认这些修饰而与之结合的其他蛋白[8] 。
种类
参考文献
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