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美洲原住民语言

维基百科，自由的百科全书

美洲原住民语言并不是一种语言，甚至也不是属于一种语系，而是美洲所有原住民的各种语言的总称。其中玛雅语曾经有自己的文字系统。随着15世纪末开始西方殖民主义者的到来，美洲原住民数量在几百年的时间里锐减，再加上文化的同化，大部分美洲原住民语言都已经灭绝，目前即使会说美洲土著语言的大部分人也是操双语的人群。因为缺少研究材料，对美洲土著语言的研究很不足，目前对许多美洲土著语言的分类说法不一，尚不能把语系确定下来，只能暂时分为语组，大致有如下个语组，有几百种以上的语言，有许多语言现在能流利的说的人不足几十甚至几个人，大部分已经灭绝。

南美的大语系：黑点表示孤立语言，灰点表示语系划分有争议的语言

根据UNESCO的说法，美洲的大多数土著语言都处于严重濒危状态，许多语言已经成为休眠语言（没有母语使用者，但有一群遗产语言的使用者）或完全灭绝。大多数广泛使用的土著语言是南部克丘亚语（主要在南秘鲁和玻利维亚使用）和瓜拉尼语（以巴拉圭为中心，与西班牙语共同享有国家语言地位），大约有六七百万使用者（在瓜拉尼语的情况下，包括许多欧洲血统的人）。只有6种其他语言的使用者超过一百万；这些语言包括玻利维亚的艾马拉语和墨西哥的纳瓦特尔语，各有将近两百万使用者；危地马拉和墨西哥的玛雅语言克克其语、基切语和尤卡坦玛雅语，大约各有一百万使用者；可能还有一两种在秘鲁和厄瓜多尔的克丘亚语。在美国，根据2010年人口普查，有372,000人报告在家中使用一种土著语言。[1]在加拿大，根据2011年人口普查，有133,000人报告在家中使用一种土著语言。[2]在格陵兰，约90%的人口讲格陵兰语，这是最广泛使用的爱斯基摩语。

语系种类

北美洲

中美洲

南美洲

参考文献

引用

  1. ^ Census Shows Native Languages Count. Language Magazine. [2020-08-16] （美国英语）. 
  2. ^ Population by Aboriginal mother tongue, Aboriginal language spoken most often at home and Aboriginal language spoken on a regular basis at home, for Canada, provinces and territories. [May 18, 2020]. 

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外部链接

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