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西班牙开局

维基百科,自由的百科全书

西班牙开局国际象棋开局开放性开局的一种,走法为: 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5。这是最常用的国际象棋开局之一。

西班牙开局
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
c6 black knight
b5 white bishop
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
走法1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 Nc6 3.Bb5
ECO编号C60–C99
母局开放性开局
Chessgames.com

历史

西班牙开局(英语:Ruy Lopez)以一名西班牙牧师鲁伊·洛佩斯·德·塞古拉英语Ruy López de Segura命名,他在1561年出版了《国际象棋书》(西班牙语:Libro del Ajedrez)并在其中介绍了此开局。但此开局早在1490年的哥廷根手稿英语Göttingen manuscript中已有记载。它在19世纪中才被象棋理论家卡尔·雅尼什英语Carl Jaenisch发扬光大,现今已十分流行,许多象棋大师也会使用。可是,由于此开局给与黑方很大的打击,而Ruy López de Segura又是在宗教裁判时期的牧师,因此此开局给取了个诨名“西班牙酷刑”。

概论

虽然3.Bb5正在攻击保护e兵的c马,但白方不能以4.Bxc6 dxc6 5.Nxe5吃兵,因5...Qd4或5...Qg5叫吃马和兵,给予黑方优势。然而,3.Bb5能为王车易位作准备,及盯住黑王。黑方有很多回应可选择,但要下工夫才能取得均势。

摩菲防御

3...a6

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
b5 white bishop
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
摩菲防御:3...a6

保罗·摩菲命名,但他并不是其发明者(Ercole del Rio在其著作Sopra il giuoco degli Scacchi, Osservazioni pratiche dell'anonimo Modenese中首次提到此著)。此步逼迫b5象移动,在超过75%比试中黑方选择了这一著。除了封闭性防御外有以下变着:

  • 4.Bxc6
  • 4.Ba4
    • 4...b5 5.Bb3 Na5
    • 4...b5 5.Bb3 Bc5
    • 4...Bc5
    • 4...d6
    • 4...f5
    • 4...Nf6 5.O-O b5 6.Bb3 Bb7
    • 4...Nf6 5.O-O b5 6.Bb3 Bc5
    • 4...Nf6 5.O-O Bc5
    • 4...Nf6 5.O-O d6
    • 4...Nf6 5.O-O Nxe4

兑子变着

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
兑子变着4.Bxc6 dxc6(ECO C68–C69)

兑子变着4.Bxc6后,黑方通常会应4...dxc6,4...bxc6会导致5.d4 exd4 6.Qxd4,白方控制中心。4...dxc6后,虽然黑方兵形被破坏,但他有机会发展坚固的防御。鲍比·菲舍尔在1960年代发展了5.0-0取代给与黑方微小优势的5.d4,黑方可应5...f6、5...Bg4、5...Qd6、5...Qe7、5...Qf6或5...Bd6。

挪威变着

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
a5 black knight
b5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
b3 white bishop
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
挪威变着(ECO C70)

在3...a6 4.Ba4 b5 5.Bb3 Na5后,通常应着为6.0-0 d6 7.d4 Nxb3,黑方可吃白象,但损失了速度。6.Bxf7+ Kxf7 7.Nxe5+令王移动,但黑方能巩固其子力。

...Bc5

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
h8 black rook
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
f6 black knight
c5 black bishop
e5 black pawn
a4 white bishop
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
穆勒防御

人们超过一个世纪都认为象在e7是较稳健的,但其实象在c5更主动。包括3...a6 4.Ba4 Bc5的古典防御延迟、3...a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Bc5的穆勒防御和3...a6 4.Ba4 b5 5.Bb3 Bc5的格拉茨防御。

现代斯坦尼茨防御延迟

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
d6 black pawn
e5 black pawn
a4 white bishop
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh

3...a6 4.Ba4 d6。此变例能给与黑方更大的空间和巩固其中心。5.c3(5...f5、5...Bd7 6.d4)、5.c4、5.Bxc6+(5...bxc6 6.d4)、5.d4和5.0-0(5...Bg4 6.h3 h5)皆是可能的续着。

阿尔汉格尔斯克防御

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
h8 black rook
b7 black bishop
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
f6 black knight
b5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
b3 white bishop
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh

3...a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 b5 6.Bb3 Bb7(ECO C78)。局面尖锐,黑方企图挑战b3象以补偿他延迟的易位。白方有进兵至c3和d4以补足兵形、7.Re1防御e兵的选择,但不是7.Ng5 d5 8.exd5 Nd4!。

开放防御

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
h8 black rook
c7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
e6 black bishop
b5 black pawn
d5 black pawn
e5 white pawn
e4 black knight
b3 white bishop
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
8...Be6

3...a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Nxe4。黑方在白方抵消兵力损失时争夺中心格,常见应着为6.d4 b5 7.Bb3 d5 8.dxe5 Be6 9.c3/Be3/Qe2/Nbd2。当中9.Be3 Be7 10.c3、9.c3 Be7、9.c3 Bc5 10.Nbd2 0-0 11.Bc2 f5/Bf5/Nxf2为主线。

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
d8 black king
h8 black rook
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
e6 black bishop
a4 white bishop
e4 black pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white king
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh

里加变例:6.d4 exd4 7.Re1 d5 8.Nxd4 Bd6! 9.Nxc6 Bxh2+! 10.Kh1!(10.Kxh2 Qh4+ 11.Kg1 Qxf2+和)Qh4 11.Rxe4+! dxe4 12.Qd8+! Qxd8 13.Nxd8+ Kxd8 14.Kxh2 Be6 15. Be3/Bf4/c3...(15.Nc3 c5!)白稍优。

封闭防御

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
h8 black rook
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
f6 black knight
e5 black pawn
a4 white bishop
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh

3...a6 4.Ba4 Nf6 5.0-0 Be7。黑方威胁要6...b5和7...Nxe4,而白方有以下选择:

  • 6.Bxc6(兑子变着延迟)
  • 6.d4(中心变着)
  • 6.Qe2(沃勒尔变着)
  • 6.Re1 d6(阿维尔巴赫变着)
  • 6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3
    • 7...Bb7(特拉伊科维奇变着)
    • 7...0-0 8.c3 d5(马歇尔进攻)
    • 7...d6 8.c3 0-0(主线)

兑子变着延迟

6.Bxc6(ECO C85)。相较于兑子变着,白方损失了一先,但黑方f6马和e7象的位置也不佳。

中心变着

6.d4(ECO C69),局面较尖锐。黑方若要守住攻势,必须谨慎。

沃勒尔变着

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
f8 black rook
g8 black king
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
f6 black knight
b5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
b3 white bishop
c3 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
e2 white queen
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
e1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh

6.Qe2(ECO C86),由后防御e兵,车可走到d1,往后为6...b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d5/d6。

阿维尔巴赫变着

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
h8 black rook
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
d6 black pawn
f6 black knight
e5 black pawn
a4 white bishop
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh

6.Re1 d6(ECO C87),黑e兵的保护加强。白方可以7.Bxc6 bxc6 8.d4。而7.c3 Bg4(7...b5 8.Bc2,白方得一先)也是可以的,白方可8.h3 Bh5 9.Bxc6 bxc6 10.d4或8.d3(容许Nbd2–f1–g3)。

特拉伊科维奇变着

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
d8 black queen
e8 black king
h8 black rook
b7 black bishop
c7 black pawn
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
b5 black pawn
e5 white rook
f4 black knight
b3 white bishop
c3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
11...Nf4

6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 Bb7,黑方可以8.c3 d5 9.exd5 Nxd5 10.Nxe5 Nxe5 11.Rxe5 Nf4弃兵。

7...0-0

6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0后,白方可8.c3,也可8.a4、8.h3、8.d4或8.d3。另外8.c3 d6也是马歇尔进攻外的一个选择。

马歇尔进攻
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
f8 black rook
g8 black king
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black pawn
b5 black pawn
d5 black knight
e5 white rook
b3 white bishop
c3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
11...c6

6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 0-0 8.c3 d5 9.exd5 Nxd5(9...e4较弱) 10.Nxe5 Nxe5 11.Rxe5 c6 12.d3/d4,黑方进攻白方缺乏保护的王翼,但这进攻是不明确及难以抵御的,因此不少大师均于第8着避免此着法。

主线

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
f8 black rook
g8 black king
c7 black pawn
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
d6 black pawn
f6 black knight
b5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 white pawn
b3 white bishop
c3 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
8...0-0

6.Re1 b5 7.Bb3 d6 8.c3 0-0,通常应着为9.h3,以准备d4进兵、Nbd2–f1–g3及避免黑方Bg4的牵制。为了不让g3马能保护e4、给予双白象开放线和向黑方王翼施压,黑方会扩张后翼、占领中心或向e4施压。

之后的可能变着是:

  • 9.d3
  • 9.d4 Bg4
  • 9.h3
    • 9...Na5(奇戈林变着)
    • 9...Bb7(扎伊采夫变着)
    • 9...Nb8(布雷耶变着)
    • 9...Nd7(卡尔波夫变着)
    • 9...Be6
    • 9...h6(斯梅斯洛夫变着)
奇戈林变着
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
f8 black rook
g8 black king
c7 black queen
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
d6 black pawn
f6 black knight
a5 black knight
b5 black pawn
c5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
d4 white pawn
e4 white pawn
c3 white pawn
f3 white knight
h3 white pawn
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white bishop
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
11...Qc7

9.h3 Na5(ECO C96–C99),黑马解除c兵的阻碍,及叫吃白象,但因a5位置不活跃,变着流行度已降低。续着是10.Bc2 c5 11.d4 Qc7(加强保护e兵和藉cxd4开放c线)/Bb7/Nd7。

扎伊采夫变着
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
d8 black queen
e8 black rook
g8 black king
b7 black bishop
c7 black pawn
e7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
d6 black pawn
f6 black knight
h6 black pawn
b5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
a4 white pawn
d4 white pawn
e4 white pawn
b3 white bishop
c3 white pawn
f3 white knight
h3 white pawn
b2 white pawn
d2 white knight
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
a1 white rook
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
12.Nbd2

9.h3 Bb7 10. d4 Re8 11. a4 h6 12. Nbd2,为主要变着之一。11. a4要挑战黑方被6...b5削弱的后翼,11...h6避免12. Ng5 Rf8 13. Nf3迫和,12. Nbd2要移马到g3。

布雷耶变着
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
d8 black queen
e8 black rook
f8 black bishop
g8 black king
b7 black bishop
f7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
d6 black pawn
f6 black knight
g6 black pawn
b5 black pawn
c5 black knight
d5 white pawn
e5 black pawn
h5 black pawn
a4 white pawn
c4 black pawn
e4 white pawn
c3 white pawn
e3 white bishop
f3 white knight
g3 white knight
h3 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white bishop
d2 white queen
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
a1 white rook
e1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
19...h5

9.h3 Nb8(ECO C94–C95),解除c兵的阻碍,及运马到d7支持e兵。10.d4 Nbd7 11.Nbd2 Bb7 12.Bc2 Re8 13.Nf1 Bf8(威胁exd4) 14. Ng3 g6(阻止Nf5) 15.a4(挑战后翼) c5(中心反击) 16. d5 c4 17. Bg5 h6 18.Be3 Nc5 19.Qd2 h5(逼着)是主变。

卡尔波夫变着

9.h3 Nd7,较为被动的一着。卡尔波夫在1990年国际象棋世界冠军对抗赛中数次使用,但卡斯帕罗夫在第18局中已获得明显优势。

9...Be6
abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
f8 black rook
g8 black king
c7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
a6 black pawn
c6 black knight
f6 black bishop
b5 black pawn
d5 black queen
d4 white pawn
g4 white rook
b3 white pawn
f3 white knight
h3 white pawn
b2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
a1 white rook
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
18.Rg4

9.h3 Be6 10.d4 Bxb3 11.axb3(11.Qxb3) 11...exd4 12.cxd4 d5 13.e5 Ne4 14.Nc3 f5 15.exf6 Bxf6 16.Nxe4 dxe4 17.Rxe4 Qd5 18.Rg4,现在此变着的流行度已大大降低,黑方少兵无补偿。

斯梅斯洛夫变着

9.h3 h6(ECO C93),容许10...Re8和11...Bf8,但黑方失一先、王翼被削弱,因此黑方通常会采用改良版的扎伊采夫变着。1997年深蓝对卡斯帕罗夫第二局卡斯帕罗夫用此变例告负。

其他防御

除了摩菲防御外,以下是其他可行的走法。

  • 3...g6(斯梅斯洛夫变着)
  • 3...Nd4(伯德防御)
  • 3...d6(斯坦尼茨防御)
  • 3...f5!?(施利曼防御)
  • 3...Bc5(古典防御)
  • 3...Nf6(柏林防御)

斯梅斯洛夫变着

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
d7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
c6 black knight
g6 black pawn
b5 white bishop
g5 white bishop
d4 black pawn
e4 white pawn
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
5.Bg5

3...g6(ECO C60)。1980年代4.c3 a6!对黑有利,但后来发现4.d4 exd4 5.Bg5(5.c3),令此变着流行度降低。

伯德防御

3...Nd4(ECO C61)。以小心的下子,白方能取得优势。发扬者亨利·伯德使用它至少25次,取得+9 =3 −13的成绩,自此并没有大师经常采用。

斯坦尼茨防御

3...d6(ECO C62)是较为稳健的一着,但显得被动和局促,因此现代斯坦尼茨防御延迟是较流行的。

施利曼防御

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black queen
e8 black king
f8 black bishop
g8 black knight
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
c6 black knight
b5 white bishop
d5 black pawn
e5 black pawn
e4 white knight
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
d2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
c1 white bishop
d1 white queen
e1 white king
h1 white rook
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
5...d5

3...f5(ECO C63),藉弃兵向王翼施压。但此着功效成疑,较少大师采用。通常续着为4.Nc3 fxe4 5.Nxe4 d5(较尖锐)/Nf6。

古典防御

3...Bc5(ECO C64),4.c3(4.0-0) f5(4... Nf6 5.0-0 0-0 6.d4 Bb6较稳健)5.d4。

柏林防御

abcdefgh
8
a8 black rook
c8 black bishop
d8 black king
f8 black bishop
h8 black rook
a7 black pawn
b7 black pawn
c7 black pawn
f7 black pawn
g7 black pawn
h7 black pawn
c6 black pawn
e5 white pawn
f5 black knight
f3 white knight
a2 white pawn
b2 white pawn
c2 white pawn
f2 white pawn
g2 white pawn
h2 white pawn
a1 white rook
b1 white knight
c1 white bishop
f1 white rook
g1 white king
8
77
66
55
44
33
22
11
abcdefgh
8...Kxd8

3...Nf6(ECO C65–67)柏林防御以坚固和容易致和闻名,为不少大师采用,包括克拉姆尼克、卡斯帕罗夫。之后通常为4.0-0 Nxe4(4...Bc5是进取的一着) 5.d4(5.Re1 Nd6 6.Nxe5) Nd6 6.Bxc6 dxc6 7.dxe5 Nf5 8.Qxd8+ Kxd8,白方有好兵形,黑王暴露于外,白优,但黑也有双象。此外4.Nc3转为四马开局也可以。

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