阿科 [ 1] (希伯来语 :עַכּוֹ ,罗马化: ʻAkkō ,英语:Acre ),或阿卡 (阿拉伯语:عكّا ,罗马化 :ʻAkkā ),是一座位于以色列 北部加利利 西部的城市,距离耶路撒冷 约152公里。阿卡是持续有人类居住的最古老的城市之一。2011年人口为46,464人[ 2] ,约75%为犹太人,25%为阿拉伯人。在1948年被以色列占领之前,大多数阿卡居民是阿拉伯人。
中世纪
第一次十字军东征 建立耶路撒冷王国 后,十字军进攻阿卡,经过约4年围困后,阿卡于1104年向十字军投降。[ 3] 阿卡成为十字军在巴勒斯坦 的主要港口 。[ 4] 到1130年代,阿卡人口约有25,000人,当时耶路撒冷王国境内只有耶路撒冷 城的规模可与阿卡相比。
埃及的萨拉丁 在1187年的哈丁战役 击败十字军后攻占耶路撒冷,随后未经战斗即占领阿卡、西顿 等地。第三次十字军东征 时,十字军于1191年攻占阿卡。随着十字军运动的衰落,地中海东岸的其它十字军城镇相继失守,阿卡变成一座孤城,终于在1291年被马穆鲁克王朝 攻陷 。
近代及现代
因阿卡及其周围有大量巴哈伊信仰 的圣地,故2008年,阿卡与海法 的巴哈伊信仰相关地点被列入世界遗产名录 。[ 5] [ 6]
参考文献
延伸阅读
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