M30 (球状星团)

梅西耶30
梅西耶30
	哈伯太空望远镜拍摄的M30；视角3.5′。 ; Credit: NASA/STScI/WikiSky
观测数据(J2000 历元)
分类	V
星座	摩羯座
赤经	21h 40m 22.12s
赤纬	–23° 10′ 47.5″
距离	27.14 ± 0.65 kly（8.3 ± 0.20 kpc）
视星等 (V)	+7.7
视直径(V)	12'.0
物理性质
Mass	1.6×105 M☉
金属量	–2.27 dex
估计年龄	129.3 亿年
其它名称	M30、NGC 7099、GCl 122
	参见：球状星团，球状星团表

M30（也称为NGC 7099）是位于南天摩羯座的一个球状星团。它是法国天文学家梅西耶在1764年发现的，但他将它描述为一个没有恒星的圆形星云。在1880年代编辑的NGC天体表则将它描述为"显著的球形，明亮、巨大，略呈椭圆"。这个星团使用10×50的双筒望远镜就很容易看见^[9]，像是一个朦胧的光斑，直径大约4角秒宽，沿东西方向的轴稍长些^[9]。使用口径更大的天文望远镜，可以解析出单颗的恒星，星团的范围扩大到12角秒，致密的核心大约是1角秒^[10]。最适合观赏的时间是每年的8月^[9]。

M30与地球的距离大约是27,100光年^[4]，直径大约93光年^[10]。估计它的年龄是129.3亿年^[8]，质量约是太阳的160,000倍^[6]。这个星团的轨道穿过内银晕，并且是逆行的，这表明它是来自卫星星系，而不是在银河系内形成^[8]。它目前与银河中心的距离大约是22.2 kly（6.8 kpc），与太阳的距离估计是26 kly（8.0 kpc）^[11]。

M30这个集团已经经历过核心崩溃的动态过程，现在集中在核心的质量大约是每立方秒差距100万太阳质量；这使它成为银河系中密度最高的区域之一。如此接近的恒星距离，使得这些恒星不仅有很高的比例是联星系，而且彼此间会因为质量的转换而形成蓝掉队星^[3]。大规模的分异过程可能导致中心区域获得大比例的大质量恒星，从而产生颜色梯度，使星团中心的蓝色调增强^[12]。

外部链接

Globular Cluster M30 @ SEDS Messier pages （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Messier 30, Galactic Globular Clusters Database page （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）
Gray, Meghan. M30 – Globular Cluster. Deep Sky Videos. Brady Haran. [2018-10-17]. （原始内容存档于2020-07-02）.
WikiSky上关于M30 (球状星团)的内容：DSS2, SDSS, GALEX, IRAS, 氢α, X射线, 天文照片, 天图, 文章和图片

参考资料

^ Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B., A Classification of Globular Clusters, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, August 1927, 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 Goldsbury, Ryan; et al, The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters, The Astronomical Journal, December 2010, 140 (6): 1830–1837, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, arXiv:1008.2755 , doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Lugger, Phyllis M.; et al, Chandra X-Ray Sources in the Collapsed-Core Globular Cluster M30 (NGC 7099), The Astrophysical Journal, March 2007, 657 (1): 286–301, Bibcode:2007ApJ...657..286L, arXiv:astro-ph/0606382 , doi:10.1086/507572
^ ^4.0 ^4.1 Kains, N.; et al, Estimating the parameters of globular cluster M 30 (NGC 7099) from time-series photometry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 2013, 555 (1): 36–50, Bibcode:2013A&A...555A..36K, arXiv:1305.3606 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321819
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 M 30. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文资料中心. [2006-11-16].
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Vande Putte, D.; Cropper, Mark, Detecting the effect of globular cluster impacts on the disc of the Milky Way, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, January 2009, 392 (1): 113–124, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.392..113V, arXiv:0811.3106 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14072.x
^ Boyles, J.; et al, Young Radio Pulsars in Galactic Globular Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal, November 2011, 742 (1): 51, Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...51B, arXiv:1108.4402 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/51.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry, Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, May 2010, 404 (3): 1203–1214, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, arXiv:1001.4289 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x
^ ^9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Bone, N. M., Sky notes, 2008 August & September, Journal of the British Astronomical Association, August 2008, 118 (4): 231–232, Bibcode:2008JBAA..118..231B
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 O'Meara, Stephen James, The Messier objects, Deep-sky companions, Cambridge University Press: 108, 1998, ISBN 0-521-55332-6
^ Dinescu, Dana I.; et al, Space Velocities of Southern Globular Clusters. II. New Results for 10 Clusters, The Astronomical Journal, January 1999, 117 (1): 277–285, Bibcode:1999AJ....117..277D, doi:10.1086/300699
^ Howell, Justin H.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Tan, Amy, Radial Color Gradient and Main-Sequence Mass Segregation in M30 (NGC 7099), The Astronomical Journal, March 2000, 119 (3): 1259–1267, Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1259H, arXiv:astro-ph/9912002 , doi:10.1086/301270

[hcob849_11-1] Shapley, Harlow; Sawyer, Helen B., A Classification of Globular Clusters, Harvard College Observatory Bulletin, August 1927, 849 (849): 11–14, Bibcode:1927BHarO.849...11S.

[aj140_6_1830-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Goldsbury, Ryan; et al, The ACS Survey of Galactic Globular Clusters. X. New Determinations of Centers for 65 Clusters, The Astronomical Journal, December 2010, 140 (6): 1830–1837, Bibcode:2010AJ....140.1830G, arXiv:1008.2755 , doi:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1830.

[apj657_1_286-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Lugger, Phyllis M.; et al, Chandra X-Ray Sources in the Collapsed-Core Globular Cluster M30 (NGC 7099), The Astrophysical Journal, March 2007, 657 (1): 286–301, Bibcode:2007ApJ...657..286L, arXiv:astro-ph/0606382 , doi:10.1086/507572

[aa555_36-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Kains, N.; et al, Estimating the parameters of globular cluster M 30 (NGC 7099) from time-series photometry, Astronomy and Astrophysics, July 2013, 555 (1): 36–50, Bibcode:2013A&A...555A..36K, arXiv:1305.3606 , doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321819

[simbad-5] 5.0 ^5.1 M 30. SIMBAD. 斯特拉斯堡天文资料中心. [2006-11-16].

[mnras392_1_113-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Vande Putte, D.; Cropper, Mark, Detecting the effect of globular cluster impacts on the disc of the Milky Way, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, January 2009, 392 (1): 113–124, Bibcode:2009MNRAS.392..113V, arXiv:0811.3106 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.14072.x

[apj742_1_51-7] Boyles, J.; et al, Young Radio Pulsars in Galactic Globular Clusters, The Astrophysical Journal, November 2011, 742 (1): 51, Bibcode:2011ApJ...742...51B, arXiv:1108.4402 , doi:10.1088/0004-637X/742/1/51.

[mnras404_3_1203-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Forbes, Duncan A.; Bridges, Terry, Accreted versus in situ Milky Way globular clusters, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, May 2010, 404 (3): 1203–1214, Bibcode:2010MNRAS.404.1203F, arXiv:1001.4289 , doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2010.16373.x

[jbaa118_4_231-9] 9.0 ^9.1 ^9.2 Bone, N. M., Sky notes, 2008 August & September, Journal of the British Astronomical Association, August 2008, 118 (4): 231–232, Bibcode:2008JBAA..118..231B

[omeara1998-10] 10.0 ^10.1 O'Meara, Stephen James, The Messier objects, Deep-sky companions, Cambridge University Press: 108, 1998, ISBN 0-521-55332-6

[aj117_1_277-11] Dinescu, Dana I.; et al, Space Velocities of Southern Globular Clusters. II. New Results for 10 Clusters, The Astronomical Journal, January 1999, 117 (1): 277–285, Bibcode:1999AJ....117..277D, doi:10.1086/300699

[aj119_3_1259-12] Howell, Justin H.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; Tan, Amy, Radial Color Gradient and Main-Sequence Mass Segregation in M30 (NGC 7099), The Astronomical Journal, March 2000, 119 (3): 1259–1267, Bibcode:2000AJ....119.1259H, arXiv:astro-ph/9912002 , doi:10.1086/301270

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相关条目

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参考资料