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MRNA去帽

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mRNA去帽与降解示意图

mRNA去帽(mRNA decapping)又称mRNA脱帽,是细胞中将mRNA5′端帽水解还原成5′磷酸基的反应。真核生物细胞中正活跃翻译的mRNA会与多核糖体结合,5′端帽会与eIF4EeIF4G等起始因子结合而难与去帽酶接触,在养分缺乏或受病毒感染等逆境中mRNA的翻译可能被抑制,使5′端帽裸露,DCP2英语DCP2等去帽酶可将其5′端帽移除,之后mRNA的5′磷酸基会被RNA外切酶Xrn1英语XRN1 (gene)等识别,使mRNA被快速降解[1][2] 。去帽与mRNA降解可能皆是在处理小体(P-body)中进行[3]原核生物中也有类似机制,mRNA的5′端帽则可被RppH等去帽酶水解,将三磷酸基转为单磷酸基,促进RNA被降解[4][5]

真核生物中具无义突变的mRNA翻译时会触发无义介导的mRNA降解(NMD)途径,将mRNA去帽后降解[6]。一些miRNA也可促进去帽酶与其目标的mRNA结合,进而将其去帽降解[7]

参考文献

  1. ^ Meyer, Sylke; Temme, Claudia; Wahle, Elmar. Messenger RNA Turnover in Eukaryotes: Pathways and Enzymes. Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. January 2004, 39 (4): 197–216. PMID 15596551. doi:10.1080/10409230490513991. 
  2. ^ Poole, Toni L.; Stevens, Audrey. Structural Modifications of RNA Influence the 5′ Exoribonucleolytic Hydrolysis by XRN1 and HKE1 ofSaccharomyces cerevisiae (PDF). Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. June 1997, 235 (3): 799–805 [2021-05-03]. PMID 9207242. doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.6877. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2021-05-03). 
  3. ^ Sheth, Ujwal; Parker, Roy. Decapping and decay of messenger RNA occur in cytoplasmic processing bodies. Science. 2003-05-02, 300 (5620): 805–808. Bibcode:2003Sci...300..805S. ISSN 1095-9203. PMC 1876714可免费查阅. PMID 12730603. doi:10.1126/science.1082320. 
  4. ^ Deana A, Celesnik H, Belasco JG. The bacterial enzyme RppH triggers messenger RNA degradation by 5' pyrophosphate removal.. Nature. 2008, 451 (7176): 355–8. PMID 18202662. doi:10.1038/nature06475. 
  5. ^ Hsieh, Ping-kun; Richards, Jamie; Liu, Quansheng; Belasco, Joel G. Specificity of RppH-dependent RNA degradation in Bacillus subtilis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 22 April 2013, 110 (22): 8864–8869. PMC 3670361可免费查阅. PMID 23610425. doi:10.1073/pnas.1222670110. 
  6. ^ Schmoldt A, Benthe HF, Haberland G. Digitoxin metabolism by rat liver microsomes.. Biochem Pharmacol. 1975, 24 (17): 1639–41 [2022-05-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-04). 
  7. ^ Nishihara T, Zekri L, Braun JE, Izaurralde E. miRISC recruits decapping factors to miRNA targets to enhance their degradation.. Nucleic Acids Res. 2013, 41 (18): 8692–705. PMC 3794582可免费查阅. PMID 23863838. doi:10.1093/nar/gkt619.